How does LL-37 work? What is its mechanism of action?

Mecanismo de Acao Primary Antimicrobial: "Carpet-Like" Membrane Disruption LL-37 disrupts bacterial membranes via electrostatic attraction to anionic bacterial surfaces → hydrophobic insertion → toroidal pore formation or micellization ("carpet-like" mechanism). It acts preferentially on Gram-negative bacteria but is eficaz against ambos(as) Gram-positive and drug-resistant strains. Eukaryotic membranes are protegeu by alto(a) cholesterol content.[3][7] Receptor Targets ReceptorTypeFunctional Ef

What are the research applications of LL-37?

Aplicacoes de Pesquisa LL-37 research spans antimicrobial resistance, cicatrizacao de feridas, oncology, and immunology across 8+ indication categories: Chronic Wound Healing — Promotes granulation tissue, re-epitelialization, and angiogenese in venous leg ulcers (VLUs) and diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs).[5][13] Antimicrobial Resistance — Broad-spectrum activity against MDR bacteria; anti-biofilm; synergy with conventional antibiotics (azithromycin, colistin, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin).[7] Oncology

What does the research summary say about LL-37?

Resumo da Pesquisa Pre-clinica Key Preclinical Studies EstudoModeloPrincipais AchadosRef Zhang et al. (2022)C57/BL6 mice, Pan02 PDAC — 20 mg/kg/day IP × 14d42% reduction in tumor growth (p[11] Overhage et al. (2008)P. aeruginosa biofilm — 0.5 µg/mLInhibits biofilm formation via quorum-sensing downregulacao (Las/Rhl); promove twitching motility at sub-MIC[7] Wu et al. (2010)Colon cancer cellsLL-37 inibe proteasome → ativa BMP signaling → p21Waf1 → cell cycle arrest[10] Koczulla et al. (2003)Dexam

How should LL-37 be stored?

Lyophilized pó/concentrado armazenado a -20°C. Formulação em creme estável >99 meses a 4°C, >75 meses a 28°C (derrete a 40°C). Soluções reconstituídas devem ser used immediately ou congeladas.

What Is LL-37?

Resposta Rapida

Visao Geral LL-37 is a 37-residue cationic antimicrobial peptide (AMP) e o(a) only member do(a) cathelicidin family identificado(a) in humans. Its aminoacido sequence is LLGDFFRKSKEKIGKEFKRIVQRIKDFLRNLVPRTES.[1] Parent molecule: LL-37 is derivado(a) de a larger, inactive precursor protein called hCA...

LL-37 — Quick Facts

Chemical identity and reference data for LL-37
Molecular formula	C205H340N60O53
Molecular weight	4493 g/mol
InChI key	POIUWJQBRNEFGX-XAMSXPGMSA-N
PubChem CID	16198951
Storage	Lyophilized pó/concentrado armazenado a -20°C. Formulação em creme estável >99 meses a 4°C, >75 meses a 28°C (derrete a 40°C). Soluções reconstituídas devem ser used immediately ou congeladas.
Cited references	24

Chemical identity from PubChem CID 16198951. For research use only.

24 Citacoes PubMedRevisado por EspecialistasCertificado GMPUltima Revisao: fevereiro de 2026

Visao Geral

LL-37 is a 37-residue cationic antimicrobial peptide (AMP) e o(a) only member do(a) cathelicidin family identificado(a) in humans. Its aminoacido sequence is LLGDFFRKSKEKIGKEFKRIVQRIKDFLRNLVPRTES.[1]

Parent molecule: LL-37 is derivado(a) de a larger, inactive precursor protein called hCAP18 (human Cationic Antimicrobial Protein, 18 kDa). The CAMP gene on chromosome 3p21.3 encodes hCAP18. The ativo(a) LL-37 peptide is released extracellularly through proteolytic cleavage — primariamente by proteinase 3 in neutrofilos and kallikreins (K5/K7) in queratinocitos.[2]

Cellular origin: Constitutively expressed or induziu in neutrofilos (stored in specific granules), monocitos, mast cells, and celula epitelials do(a) skin, gastrointestinal tract, and respiratory tract.[3]

Structurally, LL-37 is a linear, amphipathic peptide (MW 4493.33 Da) with a net charge of +6 at physiological pH. It is cysteine-free and adopts an α-helical structure in membrane environments but remains disordered in aqueous solution. NMR studies reveal a curved helix-bend-helix motif spanning residues 2–31 with a disordered C-terminal tail.[1]

LL-37 expression no(a) skin is regulado(a) por Vitamin D. Abnormal LL-37 levels are linked to psoriasis (overexpression) and atopic dermatitis (supressao).[6]

Editorial Research Note

“Resumo da Pesquisa Pre-clinica Key Preclinical Studies EstudoModeloPrincipais AchadosRef Zhang et al.”

Pure U.S. Peptides Research Standards TeamInternal editorial group summarising published peptide research for an audience of qualified independent investigators.

Referencias

Perguntas de Pesquisa Relacionadas

→ LL-37: Mechanism of Action → LL-37: Research Applications → LL-37: Safety Profile & Research Summary → LL-37: Chemical Properties → Storing LL-37: Best Practices

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