Ipamorelin: Safety Profile & Research Summary
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Buy Ipamorelin Peptide 10mg21 PubMed CitationsExpert ReviewedLast Reviewed: February 2026
Preclinical Research Summary
Key Preclinical Studies
| Study | Model | Key Findings | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|
| Raun et al. (1998) | Rats/Swine | ED₅₀ = 80 nmol/kg (rats), 2.3 nmol/kg (swine); NO ACTH/cortisol even at >200× ED₅₀; first selective GHS | [1] |
| Johansen et al. (1999) | Adult female rats — 15-day design | Longitudinal bone growth 42→52 µm/day (p<0.0001); dose-dependent | [3] |
| Andersen et al. (2001) | Rats — GC-induced catabolism — 100 µg/kg × 3mo | Periosteal bone formation rate increased 4-fold; increased maximum tetanic muscle tension | [12] |
| Venkova et al. (2009) | Rats with POI — 0.014–1.0 mg/kg | Gastric retention reduced to <25% (vs 78% vehicle, p<0.05); accelerated colonic transit | [4] |
| Svensson et al. (2000) | Female rats — 0.5 mg/kg/day × 12 wk | Increased tibial and vertebral BMC; bone dimensions increased (not density) | [8] |
| Jiménez-Reina et al. (2002) | Female Wistar rats — 100 µg/kg × 21d | 67% increase in basal GH release; NO somatotroph desensitization; significant weight gain | [7] |
| Lall et al. (2001) | GH-deficient (lit/lit) mice — 250 µg/kg × 2–9 wk | Body weight +15–17%; increased adiposity via GH-independent mechanism | [9] |
| Adeghate & Ponery (2004) | Normal/diabetic rat tissue — 10⁻¹² to 10⁻⁶ M in vitro | Significant insulin release (p<0.04); via calcium channels and adrenergic pathways | [10] |
| Mohammadi et al. (2020) | Rat visceral hypersensitivity — 0.01–1.0 mg/kg | Dose-dependent reduction in visceromotor response; blocked by ghrelin receptor antagonist | [17] |
| Lu et al. (2024) | Ferrets — cisplatin-induced wasting | Body-weight endpoint reported; non-rodent cachexia model | [14] |
Clinical Trials
| Trial | Population | Intervention | Key Results | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase I PK/PD | n=48 healthy males | 5 dose levels (published PK design) | Linear kinetics; T½ ~2h; SC₅₀ = 214 nmol/L | [2] |
| Phase II POI (NCT00672074) | n=114 bowel resection subjects | Randomized, placebo-controlled | Meal-tolerance endpoint; primary endpoint not met | [6] |
Safety Summary
| Parameter | Finding |
|---|---|
| Selectivity | No ACTH, cortisol, FSH, LH, PRL, or TSH stimulation — even at 200× ED₅₀ |
| Handling | Handle with standard laboratory PPE. Consult the SDS. |
| Receptor Pharmacology | Reverses morphine-induced GI slowing in rodent models; blocked by GHS receptor antagonists; not affected by GHRH antagonists |
| Pharmacokinetics | Renally excreted (60–80% unchanged in urine; rat/human PK literature) |
The products offered on this website are furnished for in-vitro studies only. In-vitro studies (Latin: in glass) are performed outside of the body. These products are not medicines or drugs and have not been approved by the FDA to prevent, treat or cure any medical condition, ailment or disease. Bodily introduction of any kind into humans or animals is strictly forbidden by law.
For Laboratory Research Only. Not for human use, medical use, diagnostic use, or veterinary use.
ALL ARTICLES AND PRODUCT INFORMATION PROVIDED ON THIS WEBSITE ARE FOR INFORMATIONAL AND EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY.
In Vitro / Preclinical Disclaimer: The research findings described above were observed in laboratory (in vitro) and/or animal model studies. These results may not translate to human outcomes. No claims are made regarding human therapeutic applications.
Educational Use Only: This content summarises published laboratory and clinical literature for research reference only. It is not medical advice.
Editorial Research Note
“Preclinical Research Summary Key Preclinical Studies StudyModelKey FindingsRef Raun et al.”
References
- Raun K, Hansen BS, Johansen NL, et al. Ipamorelin, the first selective growth hormone secretagogue. European Journal of Endocrinology. 1998;139(5):552-561.
- Gobburu JVS, Agersø H, Jusko WJ, Ynddal L. Pharmaceutical Research. 1999;16(9):1412-1416.
- Johansen PB, Nowak J, Skjaerbaek C, et al. Ipamorelin, a new growth-hormone-releasing peptide, induces longitudinal bone growth in rats. Growth Hormone & IGF Research. 1999;9(2):106-113.
- Venkova K, Mann W, Nelson R, Greenwood-Van Meerveld B. JPET. 2009;329(3):1110-1116.
- Greenwood-Van Meerveld B, Tyler K, Mohammadi E, Pietra C. Journal of Experimental Pharmacology. 2012;4:149-155.
- Beck DE, Sweeney WB, McCarter MD. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2014;29(12):1527-1534.
- Jiménez-Reina L, Cañete R, de la Torre MJ, Bernal G. European Journal of Anatomy. 2002;6(1):37-45.
- Svensson J, Lall S, Dickson SL, Jansson JO. Journal of Endocrinology. 2000;165:569-577.
- Lall S, Tung LY, Ohlsson C, Jansson JO, Dickson SL. Growth hormone (GH)-independent stimulation of adiposity by GH secretagogues. BBRC. 2001;280(1):132-138.
- Adeghate E, Ponery AS. Mechanism of ipamorelin-evoked insulin release from the pancreas of normal and diabetic rats. Neuro Endocrinology Letters. 2004;25(6):403-406.
- Johansen PB, Hansen KT, Andersen JV, Johansen NL. Xenobiotica. 1998;28(11):1083-1092.
- Andersen NB, Malmlöf K, Johansen PB, Oxlund H. Growth Hormone & IGF Research. 2001;11(5):266-272.
- Hansen TK, Ankersen M, Raun K, Hansen BS. Highly Potent Growth Hormone Secretagogues: Hybrids of NN703 and Ipamorelin. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. 2001;11(14):1915-1918.
- Lu Z, Ngan MP, Liu JYH, et al. Physiology & Behavior. 2024;284:114644.
- Sinha DK, Balasubramanian A, Tatem AJ, et al. Translational Andrology and Urology. 2020;9(Suppl 2):S149-S159.
- Ankersen M, Johansen NL, Madsen K, et al. A new series of highly potent growth hormone-releasing peptides derived from ipamorelin. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 1998;41(19):3699-3704.
- Mohammadi EN, Louwies T, Pietra C, Northrup SR, Greenwood-Van Meerveld B. Attenuation of Visceral and Somatic Nociception by Ghrelin Mimetics. J Exp Pharmacol. 2020;12:267-274.
- U.S. Food & Drug Administration. FDA Evaluation of Ipamorelin-Related Bulk Drug Substances. FDA Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee. 2024.
- World Anti-Doping Agency. WADA Prohibited List — S2: Peptide Hormones, Growth Factors, Related Substances, and Mimetics. 2024.
- Polvino WJ. US Patent 8,039,456 B2.
- Thøger Nielsen K, et al. Validated screening method for GH-releasing peptides using UHPLC-HRMS on dried blood spots. Drug Testing and Analysis. 2021.
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This content is provided for educational and informational purposes only. Products are furnished for in-vitro studies only and are not medicines, drugs, or supplements. Not approved by the FDA to prevent, treat, or cure any condition.