Epithalon: Chemical Properties
21 PubMed CitationsExpert ReviewedGMP Certified
Chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C₁₄H₂₂N₄O₉ |
| Molecular Weight | 390.35 Da |
| CAS Number | 307297-39-8 |
| PubChem CID | 219042 |
| Sequence (1-Letter) | AEDG |
| Sequence (3-Letter) | Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly |
| Structure | Linear tetrapeptide; four L-amino acids; no disulfide bridges |
| InChI Key | HGHOBRRUMWJWCU-FXQIFTODSA-N |
| Origin | Synthetic analog of Epithalamin (bovine pineal gland extract) |
| Classification | Peptide Bioregulator / Geroprotector / Research Peptide |
| Dose-Response | Bell-shaped / non-linear — peak activity at ultra-low concentrations (10⁻¹⁷ to 10⁻¹⁵ M) |
Identifiers
| Purity Standard | ≥98–99% by HPLC |
| SMILES | CC(C(=O)NC(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)NC(CC(=O)O)C(=O)NCC(=O)O)N |
| IUPAC Name | L-Alanyl-L-glutamyl-L-aspartyl-glycine |
| Synonyms | Epitalon, Epithalone, AEDG peptide, L-Alanyl-L-glutamyl-L-aspartyl-glycine |
| UNII Code | O65P17785G |
| Salt Forms | Epitalon Acetate; Epitalon TFA (TFA affects net peptide content) |
Editorial Research Note
“Preclinical Research Summary Key Preclinical Studies StudyModelKey FindingsRef Anisimov/Popovich et al.”
References
- Al-Dulaimi S, Thomas R, Matta S, Roberts T. Epitalon increases telomere length in human cell lines through telomerase upregulation or ALT activity. Biogerontology. 2025;26(5):178.
- Araj SK, Brzezik J, Mądra-Gackowska K, Szeleszczuk Ł. Overview of Epitalon—Highly Bioactive Pineal Tetrapeptide with Promising Properties. Int J Mol Sci. 2025;26(6):2691.
- Khavinson V, Diomede F, Mironova E, et al. AEDG Peptide (Epitalon) Stimulates Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis during Neurogenesis: Possible Epigenetic Mechanism. Molecules. 2020;25(3):609.
- Anisimov VN, Khavinson VK. Peptide bioregulation of aging: results and prospects. Biogerontology. 2010;11(2):139-149.
- Khavinson VK, Bondarev IE, Butyugov AA. Epithalon Peptide Induces Telomerase Activity and Telomere Elongation in Human Somatic Cells. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2003;135(6):590-592.
- Khavinson VK, Izmaylov DM, Obukhova LK, Malinin VV. Effect of epitalon on the lifespan increase in Drosophila melanogaster. Mech Ageing Dev. 2000;120(1):141-149.
- Anisimov VN, Khavinson VK, Popovich IG, et al. Effect of Epitalon on biomarkers of aging, life span and spontaneous tumor incidence in female Swiss-derived SHR mice. Biogerontology. 2003;4(4):193-202.
- Kossoy G, Anisimov VN, Ben-Hur H, et al. Effect of the synthetic pineal peptide epitalon on spontaneous carcinogenesis in female C3H/He mice. In Vivo. 2006;20(2):253-257.
- Khavinson V, Razumovsky M, Trofimova S, et al. Pineal-regulating tetrapeptide epitalon improves eye retina condition in retinitis pigmentosa. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2002;23(4):365-368.
- Ullah S, Haider Z, Perera CD, et al. Epitalon-activated telomerase enhance bovine oocyte maturation rate and post-thawed embryo development. Life Sciences. 2025;362:123381.
- Goncharova ND, Khavinson BK, Lapin BA. Regulatory Effect of Epithalon on Production of Melatonin and Cortisol in Old Monkeys. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2001;131(4):394-396.
- Gatta M, Dovizio M, Milillo C, et al. The Antioxidant Tetrapeptide Epitalon Enhances Delayed Wound Healing in an in Vitro Model of Diabetic Retinopathy. Stem Cell Rev Rep. 2025;21(6):1822-1834.
- Zamorskii II, Shchudrova TS, Lin'kova NS, Nichik TE, Khavinson VK. Peptides Restore Functional State of the Kidneys During Cisplatin-Induced Acute Renal Failure. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2015;159(6):736-739.
- Anisimov VN, Khavinson VK, Alimova IN, et al. Epithalon Decelerates Aging and Suppresses Development of Breast Adenocarcinomas in Transgenic HER-2/neu Mice. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2002;134(2):187-190.
- Ivko OM, Linkova NS, Ilina AR, Sharova AA, Ryzhak GA. AEDG peptide regulates human circadian rhythms genes expression during pineal gland accelerated aging. Adv Gerontol. 2020;33(3):429-435.
- Dzhokhadze TA, Buadze TZh, Rubanov KD, Kiriia NA, Lezhava TA. Genome instability in pulmonary tuberculosis before and after treatment. Georgian Med News. 2013;(224):77-81.
- Anisimov VN, Khavinson VK, Popovich IG, Zabezhinski MA. Inhibitory effect of peptide Epitalon on colon carcinogenesis induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in rats. Cancer Letters. 2002;183(1):1-8.
- Khavinson VK, Bondarev IE, Butyugov AA, Smirnova TD. Peptide Promotes Overcoming of the Division Limit in Human Somatic Cell. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2004;137(5):503-506.
- Kozina LS, et al. Effects of vilon and epithalon peptides on neprilysin and insulin-degrading enzyme in neuroblastoma NB7 cells. Neurochem J. 2008;2(1):69-71.
- Yue X, Liu SL, Guo JN, et al. Epitalon protects against post-ovulatory aging-related damage of mouse oocytes in vitro. Aging (Albany NY). 2022;14(7):3191-3202.
- Khavinson VK, Lezhava TA, Monaselidze JR, et al. Peptide Epitalon activates chromatin at the old age. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2003;24(5):329-333.
Related Research Questions
Related research
Browse all research guides in the Peptide Research Library →Want the complete research review?
View Full Epithalon Research Page→FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY
This content is provided for educational and informational purposes only. Products are furnished for in-vitro studies only and are not medicines, drugs, or supplements. Not approved by the FDA to prevent, treat, or cure any condition.