Overview BPC-157 (Body Protection Compound-157, Bepecin, PL 14736) is a synthetic pentadecapeptide composed of 15 amino acids (GEPPPGKPADDAGLV), derived from a partial sequence of a larger Body Protection Compound protein naturally found in human gastric juice.[1][2] Originally isolated by Dr. Predrag Sikiric's research group at the University of Zagreb in 1993, BPC-157 is one of the most extensively studied cytoprotective peptides in preclinical literature. It has been studied across gastrointe

How does BPC-157 work? What is its mechanism of action?

Mechanism of Action VEGFR2 Activation (Primary Target) BPC-157 binds to and activates vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) on endothelial cells. Unlike standard ligands, BPC-157 promotes VEGFR2 internalization — a critical step in activating downstream repair pathways.[7] VEGFR2-Akt-eNOS Cascade Upon VEGFR2 binding, BPC-157 triggers phosphorylation of Akt (Protein Kinase B), which activates endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), producing nitric oxide (NO) — essential for an

What are the research applications of BPC-157?

Research Applications BPC-157 has been studied across multiple experimental paradigms: Gastrointestinal Lesion Models — Studied in rodent gastric-lesion, NSAID-induced lesion, colitis and fistula models.[3] Musculoskeletal Models — Studied in rodent tendon-transection and detachment (Achilles, quadriceps), ligament (MCL) and skeletal-muscle injury models, including corticosteroid-impaired models; biomechanical and histological endpoints reported.[16][17] CNS Injury Models — Studied in rodent mod

What does the research summary say about BPC-157?

Preclinical Research Summary Key Preclinical Studies StudyModelKey FindingsRef He et al. (2022)SD rats / Beagle dogsPK study: t½ = 15.2 min (rats), 5.27 min (dogs); bioavailability 14-19% (rats), 45-51% (dogs); distributed to kidney, liver, stomach[25] Xu et al. (2020)Mice, rats, rabbits, dogsMulti-species toxicity: no LD1 achieved, no adverse signs at 20 mg/kg (rats) or 10 mg/kg (dogs)[9] Staresinic et al. (2003)Rats — Achilles transection10 µg/kg: improved AFI scores, increased load-to-failure

How should BPC-157 be stored?

BPC-157 is uniquely stable at room temperature. Standard recommendation: store lyophilized at -20°C for long-term storage.

BPC-157 Safety Profile — Published Literature Summary

Preclinical Research Summary

Key Preclinical Studies

Study	Model	Key Findings	Ref
He et al. (2022)	SD rats / Beagle dogs	PK study: t½ = 15.2 min (rats), 5.27 min (dogs); bioavailability 14-19% (rats), 45-51% (dogs); distributed to kidney, liver, stomach	[25]
Xu et al. (2020)	Mice, rats, rabbits, dogs	Multi-species toxicity: no LD1 achieved, no adverse signs at 20 mg/kg (rats) or 10 mg/kg (dogs)	[9]
Staresinic et al. (2003)	Rats — Achilles transection	10 µg/kg: improved AFI scores, increased load-to-failure at 14-72 days; reversed corticosteroid impairment	[16]
Tudor et al. (2010)	Mice — TBI	10 µg/kg: reduced brain edema, hemorrhage, and mortality; improved conscious/unconscious/death ratio	[18]
Perovic et al. (2019)	Rats — spinal cord	200 µg/kg: axonal recovery maintained to 1 year; counteracted necrosis, demyelination, cyst formation	[19]
Vukojevic et al. (2020)	Rats — bilateral carotid occlusion	Upregulated Egr1/Akt1/Src/Vegfr2/Nos3; downregulated Nos2/Nfkb in hippocampus	[13]
Hsieh et al. (2017/2020)	Rat hind limb ischemia + CAM	129–152% increased angiogenesis; VEGFR2-Akt-eNOS pathway confirmed	[7]
Sever et al. (2019)	Rats — bile duct ligation	Fibrosis, portal-hypertension, liver-enzyme and bilirubin endpoints reported	[22]
Matek et al. (2025)	Rats — quadriceps detachment	Muscle-to-bone reattachment and leg-contracture endpoints assessed to 90 days	[17]
Chang et al. (2011/2014)	Rat tendon fibroblasts (in vitro)	↑ GHR expression, activated FAK-paxillin pathway, enhanced cell survival and migration	[11][12]

Pharmacokinetic Parameters

Parameter	Value	Ref
Half-life (rats)	15.2 minutes	[25]
Half-life (dogs)	5.27 minutes	[25]
Bioavailability (rats)	14–19%	[25]
Bioavailability (dogs)	45–51%	[25]
T_max (rats)	~3 minutes	[25]
Major Metabolite	Proline (amino acid)	[25]
Gastric Stability	>24 hours in human gastric juice	[3]
Urine Detection	4–5 days via LC-MS	[25]
Acute Lethality	Not achieved (>2 g/kg in mice)	[9]

The products offered on this website are furnished for in-vitro studies only. In-vitro studies (Latin: in glass) are performed outside of the body. These products are not medicines or drugs and have not been approved by the FDA to prevent, treat or cure any medical condition, ailment or disease. Bodily introduction of any kind into humans or animals is strictly forbidden by law.

For Laboratory Research Only. Not for human use, medical use, diagnostic use, or veterinary use.

ALL ARTICLES AND PRODUCT INFORMATION PROVIDED ON THIS WEBSITE ARE FOR INFORMATIONAL AND EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY.

In Vitro / Preclinical Disclaimer: The research findings described above were observed in laboratory (in vitro) and/or animal model studies. These results may not translate to human outcomes. No claims are made regarding human therapeutic applications.

Educational Use Only: This content summarises published laboratory and clinical literature for research reference only. It is not medical advice.

Preclinical Research Summary

Key Preclinical Studies

Study	Model	Key Findings	Ref
He et al. (2022)	SD rats / Beagle dogs	PK study: t½ = 15.2 min (rats), 5.27 min (dogs); bioavailability 14-19% (rats), 45-51% (dogs); distributed to kidney, liver, stomach	[25]
Xu et al. (2020)	Mice, rats, rabbits, dogs	Multi-species toxicity: no LD1 achieved, no adverse signs at 20 mg/kg (rats) or 10 mg/kg (dogs)	[9]
Staresinic et al. (2003)	Rats — Achilles transection	10 µg/kg: improved AFI scores, increased load-to-failure at 14-72 days; reversed corticosteroid impairment	[16]
Tudor et al. (2010)	Mice — TBI	10 µg/kg: reduced brain edema, hemorrhage, and mortality; improved conscious/unconscious/death ratio	[18]
Perovic et al. (2019)	Rats — spinal cord	200 µg/kg: axonal recovery maintained to 1 year; counteracted necrosis, demyelination, cyst formation	[19]
Vukojevic et al. (2020)	Rats — bilateral carotid occlusion	Upregulated Egr1/Akt1/Src/Vegfr2/Nos3; downregulated Nos2/Nfkb in hippocampus	[13]
Hsieh et al. (2017/2020)	Rat hind limb ischemia + CAM	129–152% increased angiogenesis; VEGFR2-Akt-eNOS pathway confirmed	[7]
Sever et al. (2019)	Rats — bile duct ligation	Fibrosis, portal-hypertension, liver-enzyme and bilirubin endpoints reported	[22]
Matek et al. (2025)	Rats — quadriceps detachment	Muscle-to-bone reattachment and leg-contracture endpoints assessed to 90 days	[17]
Chang et al. (2011/2014)	Rat tendon fibroblasts (in vitro)	↑ GHR expression, activated FAK-paxillin pathway, enhanced cell survival and migration	[11][12]

Pharmacokinetic Parameters

Parameter	Value	Ref
Half-life (rats)	15.2 minutes	[25]
Half-life (dogs)	5.27 minutes	[25]
Bioavailability (rats)	14–19%	[25]
Bioavailability (dogs)	45–51%	[25]
T_max (rats)	~3 minutes	[25]
Major Metabolite	Proline (amino acid)	[25]
Gastric Stability	>24 hours in human gastric juice	[3]
Urine Detection	4–5 days via LC-MS	[25]
Acute Lethality	Not achieved (>2 g/kg in mice)	[9]

For Laboratory Research Only. Not for human use, medical use, diagnostic use, or veterinary use.

ALL ARTICLES AND PRODUCT INFORMATION PROVIDED ON THIS WEBSITE ARE FOR INFORMATIONAL AND EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY.

Educational Use Only: This content summarises published laboratory and clinical literature for research reference only. It is not medical advice.

BPC-157: Safety Profile & Research Summary

Preclinical Research Summary

Key Preclinical Studies

Pharmacokinetic Parameters

References

Related Research Questions

Related research

BPC-157: Safety Profile & Research Summary

Preclinical Research Summary

Key Preclinical Studies

Pharmacokinetic Parameters

References

Related Research Questions

Related research