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These products are for laboratory research only and not intended for medical use. They are not FDA-approved to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. By purchasing, you certify they will be used solely for research and not for human or animal consumption.
Overview BPC-157 (Body Protection Compound-157, Bepecin, PL 14736) is a synthetic pentadecapeptide composed of 15 amino acids (GEPPPGKPADDAGLV), derived from a partial sequence of a larger Body Protection Compound protein naturally found in human gastric juice.[1][2] Originally isolated by Dr. Predrag Sikiric's research group at the University of Zagreb in 1993, BPC-157 is one of the most extensively studied cytoprotective peptides in preclinical literature. It demonstrates pleiotropic effects across gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, neurological, and vascular models.[8] A key distinguishing feature is its exceptional stability — BPC-157 resists enzymatic degradation in human gastric juice for over 24 hours, is effective via multiple routes (oral, parenteral, topical) without requiring a carrier molecule, and has shown no lethal dose (LD1) in toxicology studies.[3][9] The U.S. FDA placed BPC-157 on the Category 2 Bulk Drug Substances list in September 2023, citing potential immunogenicity risks and insufficient safety data for human compounding.[4] WADA explicitly banned BPC-157...
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| PubMed Citations Referenced | 30 |
| Contributing Researchers | 3 |
| Storage Conditions | BPC-157 is uniquely stable at room temperature. |
| Purity Standard | ≥99% (HPLC verified, 3rd-party COA) |
| Research Use Only | Not for human consumption. RUO only. |
BPC-157 (Body Protection Compound-157, Bepecin, PL 14736) is a synthetic pentadecapeptide composed of 15 amino acids (GEPPPGKPADDAGLV), derived from a partial sequence of a larger Body Protection Compound protein naturally found in human gastric juice.[1][2]
Originally isolated by Dr. Predrag Sikiric's research group at the University of Zagreb in 1993, BPC-157 is one of the most extensively studied cytoprotective peptides in preclinical literature. It demonstrates pleiotropic effects across gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, neurological, and vascular models.[8]
A key distinguishing feature is its exceptional stability — BPC-157 resists enzymatic degradation in human gastric juice for over 24 hours, is effective via multiple routes (oral, parenteral, topical) without requiring a carrier molecule, and has shown no lethal dose (LD1) in toxicology studies.[3][9]
The U.S. FDA placed BPC-157 on the Category 2 Bulk Drug Substances list in September 2023, citing potential immunogenicity risks and insufficient safety data for human compounding.[4] WADA explicitly banned BPC-157 under S0 (Non-approved Substances) effective January 1, 2022.[5]
The "Body Protection Compound" parent protein was identified during investigations of organoprotective constituents of mammalian gastric juice in the late 1980s. The 15-residue active fragment GEPPPGKPADDAGLV preserves the proline-rich motif now believed to be central to its bioactivity: structural studies suggest the peptide adopts a polyproline II (PPII) helix in solution, a conformation specifically recognized by the SH3 domains of Src-family kinases.[11] This conformational basis distinguishes BPC-157 from the disulfide- or alpha-helix-stabilized peptides typical of the regulatory-peptide literature.[1]
Within the cytoprotective-peptide research domain, BPC-157 is most often referenced alongside Thymosin alpha-1 for parallel tissue-repair signaling, TB-500 for actin-cytoskeleton-mediated wound dynamics, and GHK-Cu for matrix-remodeling pathways. The compound is supplied here strictly as a reference standard for in vitro and animal-model investigation, and is not intended for human or veterinary use.
BPC-157 binds to and activates vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) on endothelial cells. Unlike standard ligands, BPC-157 promotes VEGFR2 internalization — a critical step in activating downstream repair pathways.[7][10]
A 2025 study proposes that BPC-157 adopts a polyproline II helix structure that engages the SH3 domains of Src family kinases (c-Src, Yes, Fyn), relieving autoinhibition and acting as an intracellular "switch" for signal transduction.[11]
Upon VEGFR2 binding, BPC-157 triggers phosphorylation of Akt (Protein Kinase B), which activates endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), producing nitric oxide (NO) — essential for angiogenesis and vascular repair.[7]
BPC-157 promotes phosphorylation of Src and Caveolin-1 (Cav-1). Under normal conditions, Cav-1 inhibits eNOS — BPC-157 disrupts this inhibitory complex, enhancing NO production.[10]
In tendon fibroblasts, BPC-157 activates focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and paxillin, essential for cell migration, adhesion, and cytoskeletal organization during tissue repair.[12]
BPC-157 activates JAK-2, linked to upregulation of growth hormone receptors (GHR) on tendon fibroblasts, enhancing tissue sensitivity to growth hormone.[12][13]
ERK1/2 activation upregulates Egr-1 and simultaneously its corepressor NAB2, establishing a feedback loop that prevents uncontrolled angiogenic signaling.[14]
BPC-157 exhibits a unique modulatory interaction with the NO system — it counteracts both L-NAME (NOS inhibitor → hypertension) and L-arginine (NOS substrate → hypotension), acting as a homeostatic buffer rather than a strict agonist or antagonist.[15]
BPC-157 antagonizes the effects of dopamine receptor blockers (haloperidol) and agonists (amphetamine), as well as serotonin syndrome precursors — suggesting a regulatory influence on these neurotransmitter systems rather than direct receptor binding.[16]
The Egr-1/NAB2 motif investigated in BPC-157 work distinguishes it from unrestrained pro-angiogenic ligands such as exogenous VEGF-A. By co-inducing the corepressor NAB2, BPC-157-stimulated angiogenesis remains negatively regulated by an intrinsic feedback element, which preclinical authors have proposed as one explanation for the compound's broad therapeutic-index profile in animal models.[14][29]
Sikiric and colleagues have positioned BPC-157 as an integrator of the brain-gut axis, with effects observed in both peripheral mucosal injury and central nervous system models reflecting parallel cytoprotective signaling. This cross-axis activity is hypothesized to involve coordinated VEGFR2/eNOS and dopamine/serotonin tone normalization, supporting a single underlying organoprotective mechanism rather than tissue-specific receptor families.[2][3]
BPC-157 demonstrates pleiotropic effects across multiple experimental paradigms, with unusually broad tissue coverage for a single peptide:
BPC-157 is most commonly cross-referenced in the cytoprotection literature with TB-500 (actin-mediated repair), GHK-Cu (matrix remodeling), and Thymosin alpha-1 (immunoregulation). These cross-comparisons inform research designs investigating whether BPC-157's pleiotropic profile reflects a single integrative kinase-engagement mechanism or convergent activity across independent reparative pathways.[29][30]
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Molecular Formula | C₆₂H₉₈N₁₆O₂₂ |
| Molecular Weight | 1419.556 g/mol |
| CAS Number | 137525-51-0 |
| Sequence (3-Letter) | Gly-Glu-Pro-Pro-Pro-Gly-Lys-Pro-Ala-Asp-Asp-Ala-Gly-Leu-Val |
| Sequence (1-Letter) | GEPPPGKPADDAGLV |
| Amino Acids | 15 (linear pentadecapeptide) |
| Structural Type | Linear pentadecapeptide, no disulfide bridges, polyproline II helix |
| Parent Molecule | Body Protection Compound (BPC) from human gastric juice |
| Synonyms | Bepecin, PL 14736, PL-10, PLD-116, PCO-02 |
| Plasma Half-Life | <30 minutes (IV/IM) |
| PubChem CID | |
|---|---|
| InChI Key | |
| Isomeric SMILES | |
| Drug Codes |
| Study | Model | Key Findings | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|
| He et al. (2022) | SD rats / Beagle dogs | PK study: IV t½ = 15.2 min (rats), 5.27 min (dogs); bioavailability 14-19% (rats IM), 45-51% (dogs IM); distributed to kidney, liver, stomach | [26] |
| Xu et al. (2020) | Mice, rats, rabbits, dogs | Multi-species toxicity: no LD1 achieved, no adverse signs at 20 mg/kg (rats) or 10 mg/kg (dogs) | [9] |
| Staresinic et al. (2003) | Rats — Achilles transection | 10 µg/kg IP: improved AFI scores, increased load-to-failure at 14-72 days; reversed corticosteroid impairment | [17] |
| Tudor et al. (2010) | Mice — TBI | 10 µg/kg IP: reduced brain edema, hemorrhage, and mortality; improved conscious/unconscious/death ratio | [19] |
| Perovic et al. (2019) | Rats — spinal cord | 200 µg/kg IP: axonal recovery maintained to 1 year; counteracted necrosis, demyelination, cyst formation | [20] |
| Vukojevic et al. (2020) | Rats — bilateral carotid occlusion | Upregulated Egr1/Akt1/Src/Vegfr2/Nos3; downregulated Nos2/Nfkb in hippocampus | [14] |
| Hsieh et al. (2017/2020) | Rat hind limb ischemia + CAM | 129–152% increased angiogenesis; VEGFR2-Akt-eNOS pathway confirmed | [7] |
| Sever et al. (2019) | Rats — bile duct ligation | Reversed liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and portal hypertension; normalized enzymes/bilirubin | [23] |
| Matek et al. (2025) | Rats — quadriceps detachment | Oral BPC-157 in drinking water: full muscle-to-bone reattachment at 90 days; annihilated leg contracture | [18] |
| Chang et al. (2011/2014) | Rat tendon fibroblasts (in vitro) | ↑ GHR expression, activated FAK-paxillin pathway, enhanced cell survival and migration | [12][13] |
| Study | Design | n= | Key Outcome | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase II Ulcerative Colitis | Multicenter RCT, double-blind, placebo-controlled | 53 | 80 mg enema daily × 2 wks: significant DAI decrease vs placebo; very well-tolerated, no AEs vs placebo | [6] |
| Phase I PK/Safety | Single-blind, placebo-controlled | 32 | Rectal 0.25-2 mg/kg: very low systemic absorption; well-tolerated, no safety differences vs placebo | [27] |
| Knee Pain Retrospective | Chart review | 16 | 2 mg intra-articular: 91.6% significant improvement lasting 6 months–1 year; no adverse effects | [24] |
| Interstitial Cystitis Pilot | Pilot study | 12 | 10 mg intravesical: 83.3% complete resolution, remaining 2 subjects reported 80% improvement; no AEs | [25] |
| IV Safety Pilot | Pilot study | 2 | 10-20 mg IV: no adverse effects on cardiac, hepatic, renal, or thyroid biomarkers | [28] |
| Parameter | Value | Ref |
|---|---|---|
| IV Half-life (rats) | 15.2 minutes | [26] |
| IV Half-life (dogs) | 5.27 minutes | [26] |
| Bioavailability IM (rats) | 14–19% | [26] |
| Bioavailability IM (dogs) | 45–51% | [26] |
| Tmax (rats) | ~3 minutes | [26] |
| Major Metabolite | Proline (amino acid) | [26] |
| Gastric Stability | >24 hours in human gastric juice | [3] |
| Urine Detection | 4–5 days via LC-MS | [26] |
| Lethal Dose | Not achieved (>2 g/kg IV/IG in mice) | [9] |
The products offered on this website are furnished for in-vitro studies only. In-vitro studies (Latin: in glass) are performed outside of the body. These products are not medicines or drugs and have not been approved by the FDA to prevent, treat or cure any medical condition, ailment or disease. Bodily introduction of any kind into humans or animals is strictly forbidden by law.
For Laboratory Research Only. Not for human use, medical use, diagnostic use, or veterinary use.
ALL ARTICLES AND PRODUCT INFORMATION PROVIDED ON THIS WEBSITE ARE FOR INFORMATIONAL AND EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY.
Predrag Sikiric, MD, PhD, is a Professor at the Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia. Dr. Sikiric is the lead researcher who originally isolated BPC-157 from human gastric juice in 1993. He is responsible for the vast majority of the existing literature (over 80% of published studies) on the peptide. His work established the cytoprotection/organoprotection framework, demonstrating BPC-157's pleiotropic effects on organ healing (stomach, liver, muscle, tendon, nerve), the nitric oxide system, and the brain-gut axis. Predrag Sikiric is being referenced as one of the leading scientists involved in the research and development of BPC-157. In no way is this doctor/scientist endorsing or advocating the purchase, sale, or use of this product for any reason. There is no affiliation or relationship, implied or otherwise, between Pure US Peptide and this doctor.
View Full Researcher Profile →Sven Seiwerth, MD, PhD, is affiliated with the Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia. A long-time collaborator with Dr. Sikiric, Dr. Seiwerth focuses on the pathology and histological aspects of BPC-157's healing effects. His research specifically highlights the peptide's role in wound healing, angiogenesis, and tissue repair in tendons, ligaments, and muscles. He has co-authored numerous key reviews including landmark papers on BPC-157 and angiogenic growth factors (2018), wound healing (2021), and blood vessel effects (2014). Sven Seiwerth is being referenced as one of the leading scientists involved in the research and development of BPC-157. In no way is this doctor/scientist endorsing or advocating the purchase, sale, or use of this product for any reason. There is no affiliation or relationship, implied or otherwise, between Pure US Peptide and this doctor.
View Full Researcher Profile →Dr. Sven Seiwerth is being referenced as one of the leading scientists involved in the research and development of BPC-157. In no way is this doctor/scientist endorsing or advocating the purchase, sale, or use of this product for any reason. There is no affiliation or relationship, implied or otherwise, between Pure US Peptide and this doctor. The purpose of citing the doctor is to acknowledge, recognize, and credit the exhaustive research and development efforts conducted by the scientists studying this peptide.
Chung-Hsun Chang, PhD, is affiliated with the Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan. Dr. Chang leads an independent research group that has provided critical insight into the molecular mechanisms of BPC-157 in connective tissue. His work demonstrated that BPC-157 enhances the expression of growth hormone receptors in tendon fibroblasts and activates the FAK-paxillin pathway, promoting cell migration and repair. This research is frequently cited as independent (non-Zagreb) confirmation of BPC-157's effects on soft tissue healing. Chung-Hsun Chang is being referenced as one of the leading scientists involved in the research and development of BPC-157. In no way is this doctor/scientist endorsing or advocating the purchase, sale, or use of this product for any reason. There is no affiliation or relationship, implied or otherwise, between Pure US Peptide and this doctor.
View Full Researcher Profile →Dr. Chung-Hsun Chang is being referenced as one of the leading scientists involved in the research and development of BPC-157. In no way is this doctor/scientist endorsing or advocating the purchase, sale, or use of this product for any reason. There is no affiliation or relationship, implied or otherwise, between Pure US Peptide and this doctor. The purpose of citing the doctor is to acknowledge, recognize, and credit the exhaustive research and development efforts conducted by the scientists studying this peptide.
Sikiric P, et al. A new gastric juice peptide, BPC. An overview of the stomach-stress-organoprotection hypothesis and beneficial effects of BPC. Journal of Physiology-Paris. 1993;87(5):313-327.
DOISikiric P, et al. Brain-gut Axis and Pentadecapeptide BPC 157: Theoretical and Practical Implications. Current Neuropharmacology. 2016;14(8):857-865.
DOISikiric P, et al. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157, Robert's Stomach Cytoprotection/Adaptive Cytoprotection/Organoprotection, and Selye's Stress Coping Response. Current Pharmaceutical Design. 2020;26(25):3024-3044.
DOIU.S. Food and Drug Administration. Certain Bulk Drug Substances for Use in Compounding that May Present Significant Safety Risks. FDA.gov. Updated 2023.
FDA.govWorld Anti-Doping Agency. The 2025 Prohibited List. WADA. January 1, 2025.
WADARuenzi M, et al. BPC-157 in patients with ulcerative colitis: A Phase II multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Gastroenterology. 2005;128(Suppl 2):A-585.
PubMedHsieh MJ, et al. Therapeutic potential of pro-angiogenic BPC157 is associated with VEGFR2 activation and up-regulation. Journal of Molecular Medicine. 2017;95(3):323-333.
DOISikiric P, et al. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as a Therapy and Safety Key: A Special Beneficial Pleiotropic Effect. Current Pharmaceutical Design. 2025.
PubMedXu C, et al. Preclinical safety evaluation of body protection compound-157, a potential drug for treating various wounds. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 2020;114:104665.
DOIHsieh MJ, et al. BPC157 enhances the growth hormone receptor expression in tendon fibroblasts. Molecules. 2020;25(21):5159.
DOISchlosser N. BPC-157: A Polyproline II Helix Engages SH3 Domains of Src Family Kinases. 2025.
PubMedChang CH, et al. The promoting effect of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on tendon healing involves tendon outgrowth, cell survival, and cell migration. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2011;110(3):774-780.
DOIChang CH, et al. Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Enhances the Growth Hormone Receptor Expression in Tendon Fibroblasts. Molecules. 2014;19(12):19066-19077.
DOIVukojevic J, et al. Rat inferior caval vein (ICV) ligature and BPC 157. Molecular Neurobiology. 2020;57:4029-4044.
DOISikiric P, et al. The pharmacological properties of the novel peptide BPC 157. Inflammopharmacology. 1999;7(1):1-14.
DOIZemba Cilic A, et al. Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and dopamine system. Current Neuropharmacology. 2021;19(11):1696-1714.
DOIStaresinic M, et al. Gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 accelerates healing of transected rat Achilles tendon and in vitro stimulates tendocytes growth. Journal of Orthopaedic Research. 2003;21(6):976-983.
DOIMatek D, et al. BPC 157 counteracts muscle-to-bone detachment: Oral application evidence. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 2025.
PubMedTudor M, et al. The gastroprotective and neuroprotective pentadecapeptide BPC 157 in the treatment of traumatic brain injury in rats. Regulatory Peptides. 2010;160(1-3):26-32.
DOIPerovic D, et al. Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 can improve the healing course of spinal cord injury. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research. 2019;14:440.
DOISikiric P, et al. Vascular occlusion and stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157. Current Pharmaceutical Design. 2022;28(25):2082-2093.
PubMedMasnec S, et al. Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 heals corneal injuries. Current Pharmaceutical Design. 2015;21(33):4868-4875.
PubMedSever M, et al. Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 counteracts liver fibrosis. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. 2019;70(3):391-400.
PubMedLee E, Padgett B. BPC-157 and knee pain: A retrospective chart review. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine. 2021.
PubMedLee E, Walker C, Ayadi B. BPC-157 intravesical therapy for interstitial cystitis: A pilot study. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine. 2024.
PubMedHe Y, et al. Pharmacokinetics and excretion study of BPC157 in rats and dogs. Journal of Chromatography B. 2022;1201:123300.
DOIVeljaca M, et al. BPC-157: Safety and pharmacokinetics after rectal administration in healthy male volunteers. Gut. 2003;52(Suppl VI):A246.
PubMedLee E, Burgess K. Intravenous BPC-157 in healthy adults: A pilot tolerability study. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine. 2025.
PubMedSeiwerth S, et al. BPC 157 and Standard Angiogenic Growth Factors: GI Tract Healing. Current Pharmaceutical Design. 2018;24(18):1972-1989.
DOISeiwerth S, et al. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and Wound Healing. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2021;12:627533.
DOIFor Research Use Only (RUO). Not intended for human consumption, clinical use, or as a drug, food, cosmetic, or medical device. This product has not been evaluated by the FDA and is supplied solely for in-vitro laboratory research by qualified professionals.
Each lot is independently tested by accredited third-party laboratories (ISO 17025) at 99%+ purity.
BPC-157 is uniquely stable at room temperature. Standard recommendation: -20°C for long-term storage; reconstituted solutions at 2-8°C.
Lyophilized Powder: BPC-157 is noted for being stable at room temperature — a distinct advantage over most thermolabile peptides. However, standard recommendation is -20°C (-4°F) for long-term storage to maximize shelf life.
Gastric Stability: Highly resistant to hydrolysis and enzymatic degradation in human gastric juice, remaining stable for >24 hours.
Reconstituted Solution: Refrigerate at 2–8°C (36–46°F). Use standard peptide handling protocols: reconstitute with bacteriostatic water or sterile saline.
Handling: Allow vial to reach room temperature before opening. Standard aseptic technique for all preparations. Discard any solution that appears cloudy or contains particulate matter.
“Preclinical Research Summary Key Preclinical Studies Study Model Key Findings Ref He et al.”
Common research questions about BPC-157 — purity, handling, COA documentation, and published-research context.
Verified researcher feedback on BPC-157 — purity, COA accuracy, shipping, and lab support.
Lab director here, third batch of BPC-157 10mg from Pure US over the last six months. Every lot's HPLC trace lines up with the COA they ship. Endotoxin numbers are clean. Vials arrive intact, sealed, lyophilized cake is uniform — no discoloration. Shipping has been same-day every order.
We've evaluated four suppliers this year for our pre-clinical work. Pure US Peptides is the only one that consistently provides lot-specific HPLC chromatograms alongside the COA without us having to ask. Identity confirmation by MS matches expected mono-isotopic mass.
Solid product. Lyophilized cake is well-formed, reconstitutes cleanly in BAC water with no haze. The COA is real — I cross-checked with a colleague's HPLC at a separate facility and the purity reading was within 0.4% of what they reported.
Customer service was responsive when I asked for additional documentation on a specific lot. Got the full chromatogram PDF within an hour. That kind of transparency is rare in this space.
Quality is excellent but I'd love to see them add residual TFA reporting on the COA by default. Otherwise no complaints — purity is consistently above what they advertise.
Used Pure US BPC-157 in our veterinary tissue-recovery model work. The vials are properly sealed, the labels are clear, and the lot tracking has been flawless across multiple orders.
Shipping is fast and discreet. Packaging is overkill in a good way — gel packs even when not needed for lyophilized material. Documentation is thorough.
Reviews submitted by verified research-buyer customers via post-purchase email. Reviewer names are shown with initials and role to protect privacy. All feedback covers product purity, documentation, and shipping — never application methodology.
