AOD-9604 vs MOTS-c: Metabolic Peptide Research Comparison
Quick Summary
AOD-9604 and MOTS-c represent two distinct approaches to metabolic peptide research. AOD-9604, a fragment of human growth hormone, targets fat metabolism via beta-3 adrenergic receptors without the growth-promoting effects of hGH. MOTS-c, a mitochondrial-derived peptide, functions as an exercise mimetic that activates AMPK and enhances insulin sensitivity. Together they represent the two major mechanistic strategies for metabolic peptide research.
AOD-9604
AOD9604 (Anti-Obesity compound 9604) is a synthetic hexadecapeptide analog of the C-terminal fragment of human growth hormone (hGH), specifically corresponding to amino acid residues 177–191 with an additional tyrosine residue at the N-terminus to enhance stability [1][2]. It was originally...
MOTS-c
Overview MOTS-c (Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA-c) is a 16-amino-acid bioactive peptide belonging to the class of mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs).[1] Unique origin: Unlike virtually all other bioactive peptides encoded by the nuclear genome, MOTS-c is encoded within...
Research Comparison: AOD-9604 vs MOTS-c
| Dimension | AOD-9604 | MOTS-c |
|---|---|---|
| Origin | Synthetic hGH fragment (residues 177-191 + Tyr) | Mitochondrial-derived peptide (encoded by 12S rRNA gene) |
| Length | 16 amino acids | 16 amino acids |
| Primary Mechanism | Beta-3 adrenergic receptor activation → lipolysis | AMPK activation → glucose/lipid metabolism regulation |
| Lipid Metabolism | Direct lipolysis stimulation, anti-lipogenesis | Fatty acid oxidation via AMPK, mitochondrial biogenesis |
| Insulin Effects | Does NOT affect insulin sensitivity (key feature) | Enhances insulin sensitivity (p<0.01 in mouse models) |
| Growth Effects | Non-growth-promoting (no IGF-1 increase) | No growth effects (mitochondrial origin) |
| Exercise Mimetic | No — targets fat metabolism specifically | Yes — activates AMPK like exercise, improves physical performance |
| Musculoskeletal | Cartilage regeneration in OA models | Skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity, age-related sarcopenia |
| Clinical Development | Phase IIb (completed 2007, Metabolic Pharmaceuticals) | Preclinical; USC gerontology research |
| Unique Research Areas | Osteoarthritis cartilage repair, anti-obesity | Aging biology, cellular senescence, exercise physiology |
Chemical Properties Comparison
| Property | AOD-9604 | MOTS-c |
|---|---|---|
| Molecular Formula | C78H123N23O23S2 | C₁₀₁H₁₅₂N₂₈O₂₂S₂ |
| Molecular Weight | 1815.1 g/mol | 2174.62 Da |
| CAS Number | 221231-10-3 | 1627580-64-6 |
| Amino Acid Sequence | Tyr-Leu-Arg-Ile-Val-Gln-Cys-Arg-Ser-Val-Glu-Gly-Ser-Cys-Gly-Phe (Disulfide bridge: Cys7-Cys14) | — |
| PubMed Citations | 21 referenced | 24 referenced |
Explore Full Research Profiles
AOD-9604
AOD9604 (Anti-Obesity compound 9604) is a synthetic hexadecapeptide analog of the C-terminal fragment of human growth hormone (hGH), specifically corresponding to amino acid residues 177–191 with an additional tyrosine residue at the N-terminus to enhance stability [1][2]. It was originally...
MOTS-c
Overview MOTS-c (Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA-c) is a 16-amino-acid bioactive peptide belonging to the class of mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs).[1] Unique origin: Unlike virtually all other bioactive peptides encoded by the nuclear genome, MOTS-c is encoded within...
More Peptide Comparisons
For Research Use Only (RUO). This comparison is for educational and informational purposes only. All products are intended solely for in-vitro research and laboratory experimentation. Products have not been approved by the FDA for human or veterinary use. Pure U.S. Peptides does not condone or encourage the use of these products for anything other than strictly defined research applications.