How does SS-31 work? What is its mechanism of action?

Mecanismo de Acao Primary Target: Cardiolipin (CL) no(a) Inner Mitochondrial Membrane SS-31 does NOT bind to a protein receptor. Instead, it binds directly to cardiolipin (CL) — an anionic phospholipid unique para o(a) IMM que is critico(a) para organizing the electron transport chain (ETC) into functional supercomplexes (respirasomes). The binding is driven by two forces:[1][2] Electrostatic: D-Arg and Lys (cationic residues) bind the anionic phosphate head groups of CL Hydrophobic: Dmt and Phe

What are the research applications of SS-31?

Aplicacoes de Pesquisa Elamipretide has been studied in cardiolipin and mitochondrial-membrane research; the published literature is listed under References. Aged-mouse model: exercise-tolerance endpoint reported (Campbell 2019).[4]

What does the research summary say about SS-31?

Preclinical & Clinical Research Summary Key Preclinical Studies EstudoModeloPrincipais AchadosRef Sabbah et al. (2016)Dogs, microembolization HF — 0.5 mg/kg × 3 moLVEF 30%→36% (p[6] Dai et al. (2013)C57BL/6 mice TAC — osmotic minipump × 4 wkFibrosis reduziu ~5% vs ~15% control (p=0.005); protegeu 84% of mitochondrial proteins[14] Campbell et al. (2019)Aged-mouse model (26-mo female C57BL/6)Exercise-tolerance endpoint reported[4] Chiao et al. (2020)Aged C57BL/6 mice — cardiac dysfunction modelLat

How should SS-31 be stored?

Pó liofilizado de grau de pesquisa. Armazene a -20 °C ou menos, dessecado, protegido da luz.

What Is SS-31?

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Resposta Rapida

Visao Geral SS-31 (elamipretide) e um(a) sintetico(a), aromatic-cationic tetrapeptide pertencente a the Szeto-Schiller (SS) family of mitochondria-targeted peptides. Its sequence — D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH₂ — alternates cationic residues (D-Arg, Lys) with aromatic residues (Dmt, Phe), an architectural p...

SS-31 — Quick Facts

Chemical identity and reference data for SS-31
Molecular formula	C32H49N9O5
Molecular weight	639.8 g/mol
InChI key	SFVLTCAESLKEHH-WKAQUBQDSA-N
PubChem CID	11764719
Storage	Pó liofilizado de grau de pesquisa. Armazene a -20 °C ou menos, dessecado, protegido da luz.
Cited references	17

Chemical identity from PubChem CID 11764719. For research use only.

17 Citacoes PubMedRevisado por EspecialistasUltima Revisao: março de 2026

Visao Geral

SS-31 (elamipretide) e um(a) sintetico(a), aromatic-cationic tetrapeptide pertencente a the Szeto-Schiller (SS) family of mitochondria-targeted peptides. Its sequence — D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH₂ — alternates cationic residues (D-Arg, Lys) with aromatic residues (Dmt, Phe), an architectural pattern que confere selective, high-affinity binding to cardiolipin (CL) no(a) inner membrana mitocondrial (IMM).[1][2]

Discovery: SS-31 was identificado(a) serendipitously by Dr. Hazel Szeto (Weill Cornell Medical College) and Dr. Peter Schiller (Montreal IRCM) during research into opioid agonista do receptors. It was derivado(a) de SS-02 ([Dmt¹]DALDA), a synthetic opioid peptide analog, but projetado(a) para completely eliminate opioid receptor activity enquanto retaining the aromatic-cationic motif necessario(a) para mitochondrial targeting.[1]

Key distinguishing features: (1) Concentrates 5,000-fold no(a) IMM via cardiolipin binding; (2) Uptake is membrane-potential-independent (diferentemente de MitoQ, que requer intact electrochemical gradient); (3) Has no effect on healthy mitochondria; (4) Small, water-soluble, crosses the blood-brain barrier.[2][4]

Regulatory milestone: On September 19, 2025, the FDA granted Accelerated Approval to Forzinity™ (elamipretide) for Barth syndrome — a rare genetic disorder caused by TAFAZZIN gene mutations levando a cardiolipin deficiency. This made SS-31 the first drug ever authorized pelo(a) FDA specifically for Barth syndrome, and one do(a) primeiro(a) mitochondrially-targeted drugs to receive aprovacao da FDA for qualquer indication.[3]

Comparado(a) a MOTS-c — another mitochondria-targeted composto de pesquisa — SS-31 acts upstream at o nivel of cardiolipin e o(a) electron transport chain itself, rather do que via nuclear gene regulacao.[1]

Editorial Research Note

“Preclinical & Clinical Research Summary Key Preclinical Studies EstudoModeloPrincipais AchadosRef Sabbah et al.”

Pure U.S. Peptides Research Standards TeamInternal editorial group summarising published peptide research for an audience of qualified independent investigators.

Referencias

Perguntas de Pesquisa Relacionadas

→ SS-31: Mechanism of Action → SS-31: Research Applications → SS-31: Safety Profile & Research Summary → SS-31: Chemical Properties → Storing SS-31: Best Practices

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Este conteudo e fornecido apenas para fins educacionais e informativos. Os produtos sao fornecidos apenas para estudos in vitro e nao sao medicamentos, drogas ou suplementos. Nao aprovado pela FDA para prevenir, tratar ou curar qualquer condicao.