Visao Geral da Pesquisa Glutathione (GSH) is a ubiquitous endogenous tripeptide que serves como o(a) principal intracellular antioxidante and redox buffer in mammalian biology. Composed of L-glutamate, L-cysteine, and glycine, it foi isolado(a) pela primeira vez and named by Frederick Gowland Hopkins in 1921, though its correct tripeptide structure nao foi estabeleceu until 1935 by Harington and Mead. Present at millimolar concentrations (0.5–10 mM) in virtually every cell, GSH participate

How does Glutathione work? What is its mechanism of action?

Mecanismo de Acao Glutathione (GSH) nao function atraves de um(a) single classical receptor-ligand interaction. Instead, it acts como um(a) pervasive biochemical modulator of cellular redox state, enzymatic cofactor, and signaling regulator via post-traducaoal protein modification.[3] Primary Biochemical Targets & Binding Characteristics Target / MechanismDetailEvidence S-GlutathionylationReversible post-traducaoal modification; GSH forms mixed disulfide bonds with reactive cysteine residues

What are the research applications of Glutathione?

Aplicacoes de Pesquisa Glutathione is investigated across a broad spectrum of research domains, with evidence spanning preclinical modelo animals to randomizado controlled ensaios clinicos: 1. Neurodegenerative Diseases (Parkinson's, Alzheimer's) GSH depletion no(a) substantia nigra is one do(a) earliest biochemical changes in Parkinson's disease, preceding mitochondrial Complex I dysfunction and dopaminergic neuron loss. In a Phase IIb RCT, UPDRS Total endpoints were assessed, and a magnetic re

What does the research summary say about Glutathione?

Resumo da Pesquisa Key Clinical Studies EstudoDesign / PopulationPrincipais AchadosRef Richie et al. (2015)Eur J NutrRCT, n=54 adultos saudaveis; two dose arms, 6 monthsGSH endpoints in erythrocytes, plasma, lymphocytes and buccal cells[12] Mischley et al. (2017)J Parkinson's DisPhase IIb RCT, n=45 PD subjects; two dose arms, 12 weeksUPDRS Total and motor sub-score endpoints[11] Honda et al. (2017)BMC GastroenterolOpen-label pilot, n=34 NAFLD subjects; 4 monthsALT and liver-stiffness endpoints[8

How should Glutathione be stored?

Liofilizado: -20°C ou 2–8°C (estável longo prazo como pó seco); proteja da luz, ar e umidade.

Glutathione: Safety Profile & Research Summary

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20 Citacoes PubMedRevisado por EspecialistasUltima Revisao: fevereiro de 2026

Resumo da Pesquisa

Key Clinical Studies

Estudo	Design / Population	Principais Achados	Ref
Richie et al. (2015) Eur J Nutr	RCT, n=54 adultos saudaveis; two dose arms, 6 months	GSH endpoints in erythrocytes, plasma, lymphocytes and buccal cells	[12]
Mischley et al. (2017) J Parkinson's Dis	Phase IIb RCT, n=45 PD subjects; two dose arms, 12 weeks	UPDRS Total and motor sub-score endpoints	[11]
Honda et al. (2017) BMC Gastroenterol	Open-label pilot, n=34 NAFLD subjects; 4 months	ALT and liver-stiffness endpoints	[8]
Søndergård et al. (2021) Appl Physiol Nutr Metab	RCT, n=20 obese males ± T2DM; 3 weeks	Whole-body insulin-sensitivity and muscle GSH endpoints	[16]
Weschawalit et al. (2017) Clin Cosm Invest Derm	RCT, n=57 healthy females; GSH or GSSG, 12 weeks	Wrinkle, elasticity and melanin endpoints	[19]
Cascinu et al. (1995) J Clin Oncol	RCT, advanced gastric cancer; GSH with cisplatin	Neurotoxicity and chemotherapy-efficacy endpoints	[4]
Smyth et al. (1997) Ann Oncol	RCT, ovarian cancer; GSH with cisplatin	Toxicity, quality-of-life and antineoplastic-efficacy endpoints	[15]
Sinha et al. (2018) Eur J Clin Nutr	RCT; liposomal GSH supplementation	Body GSH-store and immune-function endpoints	[14]

Key Preclinical Studies

Estudo	Modelo	Principais Achados	Ref
Strutynska et al. (2023)	Aged male Wistar rats; 52 mg/kg i.p., acute	Heart GSH +40% (p=0.0027); superoxide reduziu 2.5x; H₂O₂ reduziu 2.3x; restaurou vasorelaxation; inibiu mPTP opening	[3]
Cai et al. (2003)	BALB/c mice; oral GSH; influenza A/X-31	Decreased viral titers in ambos(as) lung and trachea homogenates	[3]
Chinta et al. (2007)	In vivo GSH depletion in dopaminergic midbrain neurons	Inducible GSH alterations result in nigrostriatal degeneration, confirming causative role of GSH loss in PD pathology	[5]

Concentrations Used in Published Studies

Setting	Concentration / Amount	Duration	Notes
In Vitro	0.5–10 mM	Cell culture	Physiological intracellular concentration range
Animal (Rat)	52 mg/kg	Acute	LD50 > 5 g/kg (mice, oral)

Perfil de Seguranca

LD50 > 5 g/kg (mice, oral). Handle with standard laboratory PPE. Consult the SDS.

&x26A0;&xFE0F; Important Disclaimer

This product is sold strictly for in-vitro research and laboratory use only. The products offered on this website are furnished for in-vitro studies only. In-vitro studies (Latin: in glass) are performed outside do(a) body. These products nao sao medicines or drugs and have nao foi aprovado(a) por the FDA para prevenir, treat or cure qualquer medical condition, ailment or disease. Bodily introduction of qualquer kind into humans or animals is strictly forbidden by law. For Laboratory Research Only. Not for human use, medical use, diagnostic use, or veterinary use.

Sobre Este Perfil de Pesquisa

Este perfil de pesquisa foi compilado a partir de fontes revisadas por pares, incluindo o New England Journal of Medicine, The Lancet e documentos regulatórios. TODOS OS ARTIGOS E INFORMAÇÕES SOBRE PRODUTOS FORNECIDOS NESTE SITE SÃO APENAS PARA FINS INFORMATIVOS E EDUCACIONAIS.

Aviso sobre Estudos In Vitro / Pré-clínicos: Os achados de pesquisa descritos acima foram observados em estudos laboratoriais (in vitro) e/ou em modelos animais. Esses resultados podem não se traduzir em desfechos humanos. Nenhuma alegação é feita em relação a aplicações terapêuticas humanas.

Apenas para Uso Educacional: Este conteúdo resume a literatura laboratorial e clínica publicada apenas para referência de pesquisa. Não é aconselhamento médico.

Editorial Research Note

“Resumo da Pesquisa Key Clinical Studies EstudoDesign / PopulationPrincipais AchadosRef Richie et al.”

Pure U.S. Peptides Research Standards TeamInternal editorial group summarising published peptide research for an audience of qualified independent investigators.

Referencias

Perguntas de Pesquisa Relacionadas

→ What Is Glutathione?→ Glutathione: Mechanism of Action → Glutathione: Research Applications → Glutathione: Chemical Properties → Storing Glutathione: Best Practices

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Este conteudo e fornecido apenas para fins educacionais e informativos. Os produtos sao fornecidos apenas para estudos in vitro e nao sao medicamentos, drogas ou suplementos. Nao aprovado pela FDA para prevenir, tratar ou curar qualquer condicao.