What Is VIP?
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Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) is a 28-aminoacido signaling neuropeptide pertencente a the glucagon-secretin superfamily. [1] It is a highly conserved molecule across mammalian evolution, identical in humans, pigs, rats, and cows. VIP was originalmente isolado(a) de the porcine duodenum by Sami...
VIP — Quick Facts
| Molecular formula | C₁₄₇H₂₃₈N₄₄O₄₂S |
|---|---|
| Molecular weight | 3326.8 Da g/mol |
| InChI key | N/A — 28-aminoacido peptide (full InChI via PubChem CID 16129630) |
| PubChem CID | 16129630 |
| Storage | Liofilizado: Armazene a -20°C, dessecado, proteja da luz. ~1–2 min meia-vida — peptídeo extremamente lábil. |
| Cited references | 28 |
Chemical identity from PubChem CID 16129630. For research use only.
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) is a 28-aminoacido signaling neuropeptide pertencente a the glucagon-secretin superfamily. [1] It is a highly conserved molecule across mammalian evolution, identical in humans, pigs, rats, and cows. VIP was originalmente isolado(a) de the porcine duodenum by Sami I. Said and Viktor Mutt in 1970 no(a) Medical College of Virginia and Karolinska Institute, respectivamente. [2]
VIP is derivado(a) de a larger precursor molecule, prepro-VIP (170 aminoacidos), codificado(a) por the VIP gene on chromosome 6 in humans. Prepro-VIP is processed into pro-VIP (149 aminoacidos), que is further cleaved and amidated by peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase to produce the mature, C-terminally amidated 28-aminoacido peptide. [6]
VIP is widely distributed no(a) central and periferico(a) nervous systems e e produzido(a) por neurons, endocrine cells, and immune cells (B-linfocitos and T-linfocitos). It exerts potente anti-inflamatorio(a), immunomodulatory, and vasodilatory properties. [3]
O(a) sintetico(a) form, Aviptadil (tambem conhecido(a) como RLF-100 or Zyesami), recebeu FDA Composto Orfao Designation para o(a) investigation of ARDS, pulmonar hipertensao, and sarcoidosis, and Fast Track Designation for critico(a) COVID-19 with respiratory failure. The EMA has granted Composto Orfao Designation for ARDS and sarcoidosis. In India, the CDSCO approved Aviptadil for emergency use in COVID-19 ARDS in 2022. [4]
VIP has an extremely short serum meia-vida of aproximadamente 1–2 minutes, due to rapido(a) degradacao by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) e outros(as) serum peptidases. This lability presents significant pharmacological challenges and has driven research into advanced delivery systems incluindo sterically stabilized micelles (SSM), liposomes, and inhalation formulations. [5]
VIP shares 68% homology with PACAP-27 e e relatado(a) to be 100-fold mais potente do que isoproterenol como um(a) bronchodilator and 50-fold mais potente do que prostacyclin at relaxing pulmonar arteries. [7]
“Estudos em Animais Parkinson’s Disease (Rats, Mosley 2019): VIPR2 agonist LBT-3627 at 2.0 mg/kg — 43% increase in surviving TH+ neurons (α-Syn model), 53% spared at 6.0 mg/kg (6-OHDA model), 57–61% reduction in reactive microglia.”
Referencias
- Said SI, Mutt V. Polypeptide with broad biological activity: isolation from pequeno(a) intestine. Science, 169(3951), 1217–1218, 1970.
- Said SI, Rosenberg RN. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide: abundant immunoreactivity in neuronal cell lines and normal nervous tissues. Science, 192(4242), 907–908, 1976.
- Langer I, Jeandriens J, Couvineau A, et al. Signal transduction by VIP and PACAP receptors. Biochem Soc Trans, 50(1), 2022.
- Youssef JG, Lavin P, Schoenfeld DA, et al. Crit Care Med, 50(11), 1545–1554, 2022.
- Domschke S, Domschke W, Bloom SR, et al. Vasoactive intestinal peptide in man: pharmacokinetics, metabolic and circulatory effects. Gut, 19(11), 1049–1053, 1978.
- Harmar AJ, Arimura A, Gozes I, et al. International union of pharmacology. XVIII. Nomenclature of receptors for vasoactive intestinal peptide and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide. Pharmacol Rev, 50(2), 265–270, 1998.
- Leuchte HH, Baezner C, Baumgartner RA, et al. Eur Respir J, 32(5), 1289–1294, 2008.
- Delgado M, Pozo D, Ganea D. The significance of vasoactive intestinal peptide in immunomodulacao. Pharmacol Rev, 56(2), 249–290, 2004.
- Couvineau A, Laburthe M. VPAC receptors: structure, molecular pharmacology and interaction with accessory proteins. Br J Pharmacol, 166(1), 42–50, 2012.
- Hou X, Yang H, Bhatt VR, et al. VIP/VPAC signaling in pancreatic islet β-cells and glucose homeostasis. J Mol Endocrinol, 68(3), R65–R75, 2022.
- Smalley SG, Barrow PA, Foster N. Immunomodulacao of innate resposta imunologicas by vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP): its experimental potential in inflammatory disease. Clin Exp Immunol, 157(2), 225–234, 2009.
- Constantin S, Bhattarai JP, Bhatt R, et al. VIP signaling in GnRH neurons envolve dual Gs/AC and Gq/PLC pathways. J Neuroendocrinol, 36(4), e13392, 2024.
- Hou X, et al. VIP/VPAC signaling in pancreatic islet β-cells: PKA and Epac pathways drive dependente de glicose secrecao de insulina. J Mol Endocrinol, 2022.
- Moody TW, Nuche-Berenguer B, Jensen RT. Vasoactive intestinal peptide/pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide, e seus(suas) receptors and cancer. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes, 23(1), 38–47, 2016.
- Mathioudakis AG, Chatzimavridou-Grigoriadou V, Evangelopoulou E, Mathioudakis GA. Hippokratia, 17(1), 12–16, 2013.
- Kudo T, Tahara Y, Gamble KL, et al. Vasoactive intestinal peptide produz long-lasting changes in neural activity no(a) suprachiasmatic nucleus. J Neurophysiol, 110(5), 1097–1106, 2013.
- Said SI. Vasoactive intestinal peptide no(a) lung. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 527, 450–464, 1988.
- An S, Tsai C, Bhatt R, et al. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide phase-shifts the circadian clock via cAMP/PKA dependent pathway. J Biol Rhythms, 26(4), 313–326, 2011.
- Mosley RL, Lu Y, Olson KE, et al. Front Cell Neurosci, 13, 421, 2019.
- Brown SM, Barkauskas CE, Grund B, et al. Lancet Respir Med, 11(9), 791–803, 2023.
- Delgado M, Ganea D. FASEB J, 17(8), 944–946, 2003.
- Jayawardena D, Guzman G, Gill RK, et al. Expression and localization of VPAC1, o(a) principal receptor of vasoactive intestinal peptide along the length do(a) intestine. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 313(1), G16–G25, 2017.
- Virgolini I, Raderer M, Kurtaran A, et al. Vasoactive intestinal peptide-receptor imaging para o(a) localization of intestinal adenocarcinomas and endocrine tumors. N Engl J Med, 331, 1116–1121, 1994.
- Zhang K, Aruva MR, Shanthly N, et al. PET imaging of VPAC1 expression in experimental and spontaneous prostate cancer. J Nucl Med, 49(1), 112–121, 2008.
- Prasse A, Zissel G, Lützen N, et al. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 182(4), 540–548, 2010.
- Youssef JG, Said SI, et al. Preprints, 2020.
- Esendagli D, Sarı N, Akhan S, et al. Med Princ Pract, 34(2), 191–200, 2025.
- Dewan B, Shinde S. Eur J Pharm Med Res, 9(6), 243–253, 2022.
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Este conteudo e fornecido apenas para fins educacionais e informativos. Os produtos sao fornecidos apenas para estudos in vitro e nao sao medicamentos, drogas ou suplementos. Nao aprovado pela FDA para prevenir, tratar ou curar qualquer condicao.