VIP: Research Applications
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Buy VIP Peptide 10mg🫁 ARDS & COVID-19 (Aviptadil)
Aviptadil has been studied in critical respiratory failure; the proposed mechanism involves alveolar type II cells and cytokine signalling. The Phase 2b/3 trial (NCT04311697, n=196) missed its primary endpoint and reported IL-6 as a secondary endpoint; the larger TESICO trial (n=461) was stopped for futility. [4] [16]
🧠 Neurodegenerative Disorders (Parkinson’s & Alzheimer’s)
VIP acts as a neuroprotective agent by deactivating microglia and inhibiting neurotoxin release (TNF-α, IL-1β). In Parkinson’s models, the VIPR2 agonist LBT-3627 (2.0 mg/kg) increased surviving dopaminergic neurons by 43% and reduced reactive microglia by 57–61%. In Alzheimer’s models, VIP protects against β-amyloid toxicity via ADNP induction. [15] [17]
See also: BPC-157 for related neuroprotective research.
🔬 Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
VIP maintains intestinal barrier homeostasis. VIP-loaded sterically stabilized micelles (VIP-SSM) reversed severe colitis in DSS mouse models with a single experimental dose, restoring tight junction protein occludin and chloride transporter DRA expression. Free VIP required alternate-day exposure for comparable effects. [18]
🎯 Oncology Imaging (VPAC1 PET)
VPAC1 receptors are overexpressed in breast, prostate, colon, and lung cancers. Radiolabeled VIP analogues (⁶⁴Cu-VIP, ¹²³I-VIP, Tc-99m-TP3654) enable PET imaging of tumors; detection-rate endpoints for primary colorectal cancer and lymph-node metastases are reported in the cited studies. ⁶⁴Cu-VIP also detected grade IV prostate neoplasia undetectable by standard ¹⁸F-FDG PET or CT. [19] [20]
❤️ Pulmonary Hypertension
In a study of 20 subjects, pulmonary artery pressure, vascular resistance, mixed venous oxygen saturation and cardiac output endpoints were reported. VIP is 50-fold more potent than prostacyclin at relaxing pulmonary arteries. [7]
🫁 Sarcoidosis
In a Phase II trial (n=20, 4 weeks) in study subjects with active sarcoidosis, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) TNF-α and regulatory T-cell endpoints were reported. [21]
⏰ Circadian Rhythm Regulation
The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) relies on VIP signaling to synchronize cellular circadian clocks to environmental light cycles. VIP application phase-shifts circadian rhythms, with pulsing rapidly resetting rhythm via swift reduction of PER2 protein. VIP is necessary for synchronization of SCN neurons, influencing sleep and hormonal cycles. [13]
🦠 Sepsis
VIP has been characterised as an endogenous modulator of innate immune signalling that downregulates production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in preclinical models, which is the rationale cited in the literature for investigating it in inflammatory lung injury. [8]
“Animal Studies Parkinson’s Disease (Rats, Mosley 2019): VIPR2 agonist LBT-3627 at 2.0 mg/kg — 43% increase in surviving TH+ neurons (α-Syn model), 53% spared at 6.0 mg/kg (6-OHDA model), 57–61% reduction in reactive microglia.”
References
- Said SI, Mutt V. Polypeptide with broad biological activity: isolation from small intestine. Science, 169(3951), 1217–1218, 1970.
- Said SI, Rosenberg RN. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide: abundant immunoreactivity in neuronal cell lines and normal nervous tissues. Science, 192(4242), 907–908, 1976.
- Langer I, Jeandriens J, Couvineau A, et al. Signal transduction by VIP and PACAP receptors. Biomedicines, 10(2), 406, 2022.
- Youssef JG, Lavin P, Schoenfeld DA, et al. Crit Care Med, 50(11), 1545–1554, 2022.
- Domschke S, Domschke W, Bloom SR, et al. Vasoactive intestinal peptide in man: pharmacokinetics, metabolic and circulatory effects. Gut, 19(11), 1049–1053, 1978.
- Harmar AJ, Arimura A, Gozes I, et al. International union of pharmacology. XVIII. Nomenclature of receptors for vasoactive intestinal peptide and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide. Pharmacol Rev, 50(2), 265–270, 1998.
- Leuchte HH, Baezner C, Baumgartner RA, et al. Eur Respir J, 32(5), 1289–1294, 2008.
- Delgado M, Pozo D, Ganea D. The significance of vasoactive intestinal peptide in immunomodulation. Pharmacol Rev, 56(2), 249–290, 2004.
- Couvineau A, Laburthe M. VPAC receptors: structure, molecular pharmacology and interaction with accessory proteins. Br J Pharmacol, 166(1), 42–50, 2012.
- Smalley SG, Barrow PA, Foster N. Clin Exp Immunol, 157(2), 225–234, 2009.
- Moody TW, Nuche-Berenguer B, Jensen RT. Vasoactive intestinal peptide/pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide, and their receptors and cancer. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes, 23(1), 38–47, 2016.
- Mathioudakis AG, Chatzimavridou-Grigoriadou V, Evangelopoulou E, Mathioudakis GA. Hippokratia, 17(1), 12–16, 2013.
- Kudo T, Tahara Y, Gamble KL, et al. Vasoactive intestinal peptide produces long-lasting changes in neural activity in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. J Neurophysiol, 110(5), 1097–1106, 2013.
- Said SI. Vasoactive intestinal peptide in the lung. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 527, 450–464, 1988.
- Mosley RL, Lu Y, Olson KE, et al. Front Cell Neurosci, 13, 421, 2019.
- Brown SM, Barkauskas CE, Grund B, et al. Lancet Respir Med, 11(9), 791–803, 2023.
- Delgado M, Ganea D. FASEB J, 17(8), 944–946, 2003.
- Jayawardena D, Guzman G, Gill RK, et al. Expression and localization of VPAC1, the major receptor of vasoactive intestinal peptide along the length of the intestine. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 313(1), G16–G25, 2017.
- Virgolini I, Raderer M, Kurtaran A, et al. Vasoactive intestinal peptide-receptor imaging for the localization of intestinal adenocarcinomas and endocrine tumors. N Engl J Med, 331, 1116–1121, 1994.
- Zhang K, Aruva MR, Shanthly N, et al. PET imaging of VPAC1 expression in experimental and spontaneous prostate cancer. J Nucl Med, 49(1), 112–121, 2008.
- Prasse A, Zissel G, Lützen N, et al. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 182(4), 540–548, 2010.
- Esendagli D, Sarı N, Akhan S, et al. Med Princ Pract, 34(2), 191–200, 2025.
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