Ss 31: Safety Profile & Research Summary
Preclinical & Clinical Research Summary
Key Preclinical Studies
| Estudo | Modelo | Principais Achados | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sabbah et al. (2016) | Dogs, microembolization HF — 0.5 mg/kg SC × 3 mo | LVEF 30%→36% (p<0.05); NT-proBNP ↓774 pg/mL (p<0.001); ATP/ADP 1.16 vs 0.38 control | [6] |
| Dai et al. (2013) | C57BL/6 mice TAC — osmotic minipump × 4 wk | Fibrosis reduziu ~5% vs ~15% control (p=0.005); protegeu 84% of mitochondrial proteins | [14] |
| Campbell et al. (2019) | 26-mo female C57BL/6 mice — 3 mg/kg/day SC × 8 wk | Treadmill endurance nearly doubled (p<0.05); reversed ATPmax decline; no ↑ mitochondrial content | [4] |
| Chiao et al. (2020) | Aged C57BL/6 mice — cardiac dysfunction model | Late-life SS-31 administration reversed age-related cardiac dysfunction; restaurou diastolic function | [15] |
| Zhao et al. (2019) | LPS cognitive impairment mice — 5 mg/kg IP | Escape latency ↓ (p<0.01); hipocampal TNF-α/IL-6 ↓ (p<0.05); BDNF signaling aprimorou | [8] |
| Birk et al. (2013) | Ischemic renal tubules — 1 nM–1 µM in vitro; rodent ARAS model | Re-energized ischemic mitochondria; restaurou tubular ATP; protegeu brush border membranes | [11] |
| 26-wk Rat Tox (FDA NDA) | Sprague Dawley rats — SC 5–15 mg/kg/day × 26 wk | Systemic NOAEL 40/15 mg/kg/day (~6.2-fold human AUC); primary AEs: injection site only; no sistemico(a) toxicity | [3] |
| 39-wk Dog Tox (FDA NDA) | Beagles — SC 2.5–20 mg/kg/day × 39 wk | Systemic NOAEL 20/10 mg/kg/day (~5.7-fold human AUC); no ECG/BP/HR effects up to 100 mg/kg | [3] |
Clinical Trials Summary
| Ensaio | Indication | n / Design | Desfecho Principal | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TAZPOWER P2/3 OLE (NCT03098797) | Barth syndrome | n=12; 40 mg SC daily; 168-wk OLE | +96.1 m 6MWT (p=0.003); ↑ muscle strength; ↑ LV stroke volume → basis for aprovacao da FDA | [9] |
| MMPOWER Phase 1/2 (NCT02367014) | Primary mitochondrial myopathy | n=36; IV 0.25 mg/kg/h × 5 days | +64.5 m 6MWT vs +20.4 m placebo (p=0.053); significant dose-dependente effect (p=0.014) | [10] |
| MMPOWER-3 Phase 3 (NCT03323749) | Primary mitochondrial myopathy | n=218; 40 mg SC daily × 24 wk | Failed primary (6MWT -3.2 m, p=0.69); post-hoc benefit in nDNA replisome mutation subgroup | [10] |
| EMBRACE-STEMI Ph2a (NCT01572909) | Acute MI (isquemia) | n=118; IV 0.05 mg/kg/h | No significant infarct size reduction; trend toward reduziu CHF events | [16] |
| PROGRESS-HF Phase 2 | Heart failure (HFrEF) | n=71; 4 or 40 mg SC × 28 days | No significant LVESV improvement vs placebo | [5] |
| ARAS Phase 2a (NCT01755858) | Renal artery stenosis | n=14; IV 0.05 mg/kg/h during angioplasty | Renal blood flow 262 vs 202 mL/min (p=0.04); melhorou GFR | [13] |
| ReCLAIM-2 Phase 2 (NCT03891875) | Dry AMD | 40 mg SC daily | Failed primary (VA, GA area); slowed ellipsoid zone degradacao | [12] |
| ReNEW Phase 3 (NCT06373731) | Dry AMD | n=360 target; 40 mg SC × 96 wk | Ongoing (2026) | [12] |
Safety Summary
| Parametro | Finding |
|---|---|
| Most common AEs | Injection site reactions (erythema, pruritus, pain — up to 80% in algum(a) studies), headache, dizziness, fatigue |
| Cardiovascular | No significant changes in BP, HR, or QTc across all ensaios clinicos |
| Serious AEs | Rare: 1 hypersensitivity reaction in PMM trial |
| Genotoxicity | Negative in Ames, chromosomal aberration, e em vivo micronucleus assays |
| Reproductive toxicity | No teratogenicity in rats or rabbits at clinically relevant exposures |
| Special populations | Contains benzyl alcohol — contraindicated in neonates (gasping syndrome risk). Post-marketing MATE1 inibicao study required (metformin interaction) |
| Drug interactions | Not CYP450 substrate; potential MATE1 inibicao (metformin); no known QT-prolonging interactions |
| Concentrations used | In vitro: 1 nM–1 µM eficaz range. In vivo: 1–5 mg/kg/day (mice); 0.5 mg/kg/day (dogs); 40 mg SC daily (humans, approved dose) |
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Referencias
- Szeto HH. First-in-class cardiolipin-protective compound como um(a) therapeutic agent para restaurar mitochondrial bioenergetics. British Journal of Pharmacology. 2014;171(8):2029-2050.
- Birk AV, Liu S, Soong Y, et al. The Mitochondrial-Targeted Compound SS-31 Re-Energizes Ischemic Mitochondria by Interacting with Cardiolipin. Journal do(a) American Society of Nephrology. 2013;24(8):1250-1261.
- FDA Press Announcement. FDA approves primeiro(a) treatment for rare genetic heart muscle disease. September 19, 2025.
- Campbell MD, Duan J, Bhatt SK, et al. Improving funcao mitocondrial with SS-31 reverses age-related redox stress and melhora exercise tolerance in camundongos idosos. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 2019;134:268-281.
- Sabbah HN. Elamipretide (SS-31) melhora funcao mitocondrial and previne cellular apoptose in insuficiencia cardiaca e seu(sua) comorbidities. Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs. 2021;30(12):1227-1244.
- Sabbah HN, Gupta RC, Kohli S, et al. Chronic therapy with elamipretide (MTP-131), um(a) novo(a) mitochondria-targeting peptide, melhora left ventricular and funcao mitocondrial in dogs with advanced insuficiencia cardiaca. Circulation: Heart Failure. 2016;9(2):e002206.
- Sabbah HN, Klewer SE, O'Brien T, et al. Elamipretide and NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome inibicao. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 2025;183:118056.
- Zhao W, Xu Z, Cao J, et al. Elamipretide (SS-31) melhora mitochondrial dysfunction, sinaptico(a) integrity, and cognition in an Alzheimer's disease model. Scientific Reports. 2019;9(1):13137.
- Thompson WR, Hornby B, Manuel R, et al. A phase 2/3 randomizado ensaio clinico followed by an open-label extension to evaluate o efeitoiveness of elamipretide in Barth syndrome, a genetic disorder of mitochondrial cardiolipin metabolismo. Genetics in Medicine. 2024;101138.
- Karaa A, Haas R, Goldstein A, et al. Randomized dose-escalation trial of elamipretide in adults with primary mitochondrial myopathy. Neurology. 2018;90(14):e1212-e1221.
- Birk AV, Chao WM, Bracken C, et al. Targeting mitochondrial cardiolipin e o(a) cytochrome c/cardiolipin complex para promover electron transport and optimize mitochondrial ATP synthesis. British Journal of Pharmacology. 2014;171(8):2017-2028.
- Cousins D, Brar P, McFarlane T, et al. Phase 2 study of elamipretide (SS-31) in age-related macular degeneration (ReCLAIM-2). Ophthalmology Retina. 2023.
- Saad A, Herrmann SMS, Eirin A, et al. Phase 2a ensaio clinico of mitochondrial protection (elamipretide) during stent revascularization in patients with atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis. Circulation: Cardiovascular Interventions. 2017;10(9):e005130.
- Dai DF, Hsieh EJ, Chen T, et al. Global proteomics and pathway analysis of pressure-overload-induziu insuficiencia cardiaca e seu(sua) attenuation by mitochondrial-targeted peptides. Circulation: Heart Failure. 2013;6(5):1067-1076.
- Chiao YA, Rabinovitch PS, Bhatt SK, et al. Late-life restoration of funcao mitocondrial reverses cardiac dysfunction in old mice. eLife. 2020;9:e55513.
- Lincoff AM, Bhatt DL, Fischell T, et al. Elamipretide and post–cardiac arrest outcomes (EMBRACE STEMI). American Heart Journal. 2014;168(2):222-228.
- FDA Integrated Review NDA 215244 — Forzinity (elamipretide) Approval Package. 2025.
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