Semax: Research Applications

Research Applications

In laboratory research, Semax is utilized in multiple experimental paradigms:

1. Ischemic Stroke and TIA Models — Registered in the Russian Federation for investigations related to acute ischemic stroke. Experimental readouts involve suppression of inflammatory genes and activation of neurotransmitter gene networks in the penumbra zone.[15][16]
2. Cognitive Enhancement / Nootropic Paradigms — Studied for effects on memory consolidation and selective attention. In experimental protocols, a single intranasal dose produced measurable cognitive effects lasting 20–24 hours.[18]
3. Optic Nerve Investigations — Experimental readouts involving optic nerve atrophy and glaucomatous neuropathy models demonstrate improved visual acuity, expanded visual field, and increased optic nerve electric sensitivity.[19]
4. Neuroprotection and Oxidative Stress — In neuronal cultures, Semax demonstrated anti-apoptotic effects, protecting against glutamate neurotoxicity and oxidative stress. It contributes to mitochondrial stability and upregulates neurotrophin expression (BDNF, NGF).[9][14]
5. Stress and Anxiety Models — In rodent models of chronic stress, Semax exhibited anxiolytic effects linked to modulation of dopaminergic and serotonergic systems and normalization of hippocampal BDNF levels. Corticosterone levels decreased 28–34%.[20]
6. Alzheimer's Disease Models — In APP/PS1 transgenic mice, intranasal Semax reduced amyloid plaque count in cortex by 2.8-fold and hippocampus by 2.6-fold (p<0.0001), with restored cognitive function.[21]
7. Spinal Cord Injury Models — Improved functional recovery scores via μ-opioid receptor (Oprm1) / USP18 / FTO pathway, inhibiting lysosomal membrane permeabilization and pyroptosis.[22]
8. Gastric Ulcer Investigations — In a comparative study, ulcer healing was observed in 89.5% of subjects receiving Semax vs. 30.8% in the control group at day 14.[23]
9. Immune System Modulation — Transcriptional analyses indicate Semax influences immunoglobulin and chemokine gene expression, with potential antiviral activity observed in experimental influenza models.[16]