DSIP
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Apenas para Uso em Pesquisa
Estes produtos sao destinados exclusivamente a pesquisa laboratorial e nao se destinam ao uso medico. Nao sao aprovados pela FDA para diagnosticar, tratar, curar ou prevenir qualquer doenca. Ao adquirir, voce certifica que os produtos serao utilizados exclusivamente para pesquisa e nao para consumo humano ou animal.
Resumo da Pesquisa
Visao Geral da Pesquisa DSIP (Trp-Ala-Gly-Gly-Asp-Ala-Ser-Gly-Glu) foi isolado(a) pela primeira vez in 1974 pelo(a) Schoenenberger-Monnier group no(a) University of Basel, Switzerland, do(a) cerebral venous blood of rabbits in electrically induziu slow-wave sleep. DSIP-like immunoreactivity has desde been detectado(a) no(a) hypothalamus, limbic system, pituitary gland, and human breast milk.[1][17] DSIP remains neuroscience's "unresolved riddle": apesar de 50+ years of study, no specific gene coding for a DSIP precursor has been identificado(a), and no dedicated receptor has been cloned. Sequence analysis sugere homology com o(a) 324–332 fragment of human lysine-specific histone demethylase 3B (KND peptide, JMJD1B gene).[1] Originally pursued como um(a) "somnogenic molecule" to cure insomnia, the therapeutic rationale shifted to aquele(a) de a "programming modulator" or adaptogen — stabilizing neuronal activity and restoring homeostasis under stress or disrupted circadian rhythms. Research spans 8+ indication categories across neurology, addiction medicine, oncology, cardiology, and gerontology.[9]
DSIP — Dados de Pesquisa em Resumo
| Propriedade | Valor |
|---|---|
| Pesquisadores Colaboradores | 3 |
| Condicoes de Armazenamento | Armazene liofilizado a -20°C (~1 ano) ou -80°C (~2 anos). |
| Padrao de Pureza | ≥99% (HPLC verified, 3rd-party COA) |
| Apenas para Uso em Pesquisa | Nao destinado ao consumo humano. Apenas para uso em pesquisa. |
Visao Geral
Visao Geral da Pesquisa
DSIP (Trp-Ala-Gly-Gly-Asp-Ala-Ser-Gly-Glu) foi isolado(a) pela primeira vez in 1974 pelo(a) Schoenenberger-Monnier group no(a) University of Basel, Switzerland, do(a) cerebral venous blood of rabbits in electrically induziu slow-wave sleep. DSIP-like immunoreactivity has desde been detectado(a) no(a) hypothalamus, limbic system, pituitary gland, and human breast milk.[1][17]
DSIP remains neuroscience's "unresolved riddle": apesar de 50+ years of study, no specific gene coding for a DSIP precursor has been identificado(a), and no dedicated receptor has been cloned. Sequence analysis sugere homology com o(a) 324–332 fragment of human lysine-specific histone demethylase 3B (KND peptide, JMJD1B gene).[1]
Originally pursued como um(a) "somnogenic molecule" to cure insomnia, the therapeutic rationale shifted to aquele(a) de a "programming modulator" or adaptogen — stabilizing neuronal activity and restoring homeostasis under stress or disrupted circadian rhythms. Research spans 8+ indication categories across neurology, addiction medicine, oncology, cardiology, and gerontology.[9]
Mecanismo de Acao
Mecanismo de Acao
DSIP's exact mechanism remains partially obscure — the "unresolved riddle" stems do(a) absence of a cloned receptor or identificado(a) gene. No entanto, extensive research characterizes its interactions across multiplos(as) receptor systems and cascata de sinalizacaos.[1]
Receptor Targets
| Target | Interaction | Evidence |
|---|---|---|
| NMDA Receptors | Antagonist / modulator — bloqueia NMDA-ativou potentiation | Reduces glutamate/NMDA-estimulou Ca²⁺ uptake in synaptosomes |
| Opioid Receptors | Agonistic activity — SWS induction reversed by naloxone | Antinociceptive effects bloqueou by naloxone |
| α₁-Adrenergic Receptors | Stimulates pineal N-acetyltransferase via α₁ interaction | Graf & Schoenenberger (1987) |
| Specific ³H-DSIP Binding Sites | Found on pineal membrane fractions and neurons (not glia) | Brain stem cultures — radioimmunoassay |
Sinalizacao a Jusante
| Pathway | Effect | Consequence |
|---|---|---|
| MAPK/ERK | Prevents Raf-1 ativacao via GILZ homology → inibe ERK fosforilacao | Anti-inflammatory / stress-limiting |
| MAO-A | Increases monoamine oxidase A activity in brain mitochondria | Reduced serotonin levels (paradoxical) |
| Antioxidant Enzymes | Stimulates SOD, catalase, glutathione peroxidase | Cytoprotection / reduziu lipid peroxidation |
| c-Fos Expression | Prevents c-fos in paraventricular nucleus during stress | Stress resistance — modulou via NMDA pathway |
| Mitochondrial Respiration | Stabilizes NADH-dehydrogenase; aprimora oxidative fosforilacao | Protection against hypoxia |
Dose-Response: Bell-Shaped Curve
| Parametro | Optimal Dose | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Delta-wave induction (rabbits) | ~30 nmol/kg IV | Higher and lower doses menos effective |
| Infusion duration (humans) | 2.5–7.5 min | 1 min or 20 min menos eficaz do que mid-range |
| Motor activity (mice) | Biphasic: 30 nmol ↑ / 120 nmol ↓ | Low dose aprimora, alto(a) dose suprime |
Key analog: KND peptide (WKGGNASGE) — differs by single aminoacido (Asn vs Asp at position 5); mais potente antioxidante; greater reduction in infarto do miocardio (19.1% vs 28.7%).[8]
Aplicacoes de Pesquisa
Aplicacoes de Pesquisa
DSIP research spans 8+ indication categories across neurology, addiction, oncology, and gerontology:
- Sleep Regulation & Insomnia — Increases delta (slow-wave) sleep 39–54% in rabbits; 59% median increase in total sleep time in humans (25 nmol/kg IV); 7-night treatment normalized cronico(a) insomnia.[3][4]
- Withdrawal Syndrome Treatment — 97% improvement in opiate withdrawal (n=60); 87% in alcohol withdrawal (n=47); terminated delirium tremens in 6/8 cases.[2]
- Stress Adaptation & HPA Modulation — Reduces stress-induziu metabolic disorders; lowers basal corticotropin; bloqueia cortisol release; previne c-fos expression during emotional stress.[18]
- Pain Management — Dose-dependent antinociceptive effect (bloqueou by naloxone); reduziu pain in 6/7 cronico(a) pain subjects.[11][5]
- Neuroprotection & Stroke Recovery — DSIP/KND reduziu brain infarction volume during reperfusao; acelerou motor function recovery in focal stroke.[8][7]
- Cardioprotecao — Reduces infarto do miocardio size (IA/AAR 28.7% vs 42.1% control); stabilizes mitochondrial respiration. ⚠️ 100% mortality if given during occlusion phase.[8]
- Epilepsy & Anticonvulsant — Reduces seizure severity and duration; prolongs seizure latency; potentiates valproate effects.[16]
- Geroprotection & Oncology — Maximum lifespan +24.1% in SHR mice; total tumors ↓2.6-fold; mammary carcinoma ↓5-fold; chromosomal aberrations ↓22.6%.[10]
Caracteristicas Bioquimicas
| Propriedade | Valor |
|---|---|
| Molecular Formula | C₃₅H₄₈N₁₀O₁₅ |
| Molecular Weight | 848.81 Da |
| CAS Number | 62568-57-4 |
| PubChem CID | 3623358 |
| Sequence (1-Letter) | WAGGDASGE |
| Sequence (3-Letter) | Trp-Ala-Gly-Gly-Asp-Ala-Ser-Gly-Glu |
| Structure | Linear nonapeptide; 9 L-aminoacidos; amphiphilic; folded conformation in aqueous solution |
| Origin | Cerebral venous blood of rabbits during slow-wave sleep (1974) |
| Classification | Neuropeptide / Programming Modulator / Research Peptide |
| Half-Life | ~15 minutes (in vitro); extremely fragile in vivo |
| Dose-Response | Bell-shaped / inverted U-curve — optimal delta-wave induction at ~30 nmol/kg IV |
Identificadores
| Purity Standard | |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | |
| Gene/Precursor | |
| Analog |
Resumo da Pesquisa Pre-clinica
Resumo da Pesquisa Pre-clinica
Key Preclinical Studies
| Estudo | Modelo | Principais Achados | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mu et al. (2024) | Mice — PCPA-induziu insomnia | Wakefulness ↓ from 720→600 min (p<0.001); ↑ serotonin + melatonin | [1] |
| Monnier/Polc (1977–78) | Rabbits/Cats — EEG/sleep | 39–54% increase in delta activity (rabbits); aprimorou REM in cats | [17] |
| Tukhovskaya et al. (2021) | SD rats — MCAO stroke, 120 µg/kg intranasal | Significant motor recovery (Rotarod p<0.01); infarct size not reduziu significativamente | [7] |
| Tukhovskaya et al. (2021) | SD rats — MI reperfusao, 150 µg/kg IP | IA/AAR reduziu to 28.7% vs 42.1% control (p=0.01); ⚠️ 100% mortality during occlusion | [8] |
| Popovich et al. (2003) | SHR mice — 2.5 µg/mouse SC monthly | Max lifespan +24.1% (917 vs 739 d); tumors ↓2.6-fold; chromosomal aberrations ↓22.6% | [10] |
| Hrnčić et al. (2018) | Rats — lindane-induziu seizures, 1 mg/kg IP | Reduced seizure intensity; prolonged seizure latency; diminuiu EEG ictal periods | [16] |
| Scherschlicht/Tissot (Patent) | Mice — morphine withdrawal (naloxone-precipitated) | Dose-dependent withdrawal inibicao: 0.3 mg/kg SC reduziu jumping to 54% of control | [13] |
| Nakamura et al. (1988) | Mice/Rats — pain tests (tail-pinch, hot plate) | Potent dose-dependente antinociception via ICV; bloqueou by naloxone (opioid-mediated) | [11] |
Clinical / Human Studies
| Ensaio | Population | Key Results | Outcome | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acute Effects in Normals | n=6 adultos saudaveis | 59% median increase in total sleep time; ↑ SWS and REM | Success | [3] |
| 7-Night Insomnia Treatment | n=14 cronico(a) insomniacs | Normalized sleep efficiency and daytime alertness to levels of healthy controls | Success | [4] |
| Withdrawal Syndromes | n=107 (47 alcoholics, 60 opiate addicts) | Opiate: 97% melhorou; Alcohol: 87% melhorou; DTs terminated in 6/8 | Success | [2] |
| Chronic Pain Pilot | n=7 (migraine, tinnitus, psychogenic pain) | Pain reduziu in 6/7 subjects; simultaneous reduction in depression | Success | [5] |
| Double-Blind Insomnia | n=16 cronico(a) insomniacs | Effects described as "weak"; authors concluded "not likely to be of principal therapeutic benefit" | Failure | [3] |
Safety Summary
| Parametro | Finding |
|---|---|
| FDA Categoria 2 Warning | "Significant safety risks" — potential immunogenicity; "lacks sufficient information"; not aprovado(a) para manipulacao |
| Acute Toxicity (Animals) | Oral LD50 in rats >5,000 mg/kg; MTD in dogs >2,000 mg/kg — alto(a) safety margin |
| Historical Human Trials | Mild eventos adversos: headache, nausea, vertigo; described as "incredibly safe" in 70+ subjects |
| ⚠️ CRITICAL TIMING | 100% mortality quando given during ativo(a) ischemic occlusion (MI or stroke); protective ONLY during reperfusao |
| Farmacocinetica | Half-life ~15 min; degraded by aminopeptidases (N-terminal Trp cleavage); crosses BBB partly |
| Drug Interactions | Antagonizes morphine; reversed by naloxone; reverses amphetamine hyperthermia; incompatible with peptidase inhibitors (captopril) |
Autores e Atribuicao
✍️ Autor do Artigo
Marcel Monnier, M.D.
Marcel Monnier was a physiologist no(a) University of Basel, Switzerland, e um(a) pioneer in demonstrating the humoral transmission of sleep. His group conducted the foundational experiments in que the cerebral venous blood of rabbits in electrically induziu sleep was dialyzed and infused into recipient rabbits, inducing delta-wave sleep — levando a the primeiro(a) isolation of 'sleep factor delta' (DSIP) in 1974. Key publications include 'A naturally occurring delta-EEG enhancing nonapeptide in rabbits: final isolation, characterization and activity test' (1977). Marcel Monnier is referenced como o(a) co-discoverer of DSIP. De forma alguma este(a) médico(a)/cientista endossa ou defende a compra, venda ou uso deste produto por qualquer motivo. Não existe afiliação ou relação, implícita ou de outra forma, entre a Pure US Peptide e este(a) médico(a).
Ver Perfil Completo do Pesquisador →🎓 Autor de Revista Cientifica
Guido A. Schoenenberger, M.D.
Guido A. Schoenenberger was a biochemist no(a) University of Basel, Switzerland (Research Division, Department of Surgery). Working alongside Marcel Monnier, he was responsavel por the biochemical isolation, characterization, and synthesis of DSIP — determining the nonapeptide's aminoacido sequence (Trp-Ala-Gly-Gly-Asp-Ala-Ser-Gly-Glu). He proposed the 'programming' hypothesis, suggesting DSIP acts como um(a) modulator of neurotransmitters rather do que a direto(a) transmitter. Key publications include 'Characterization, properties and multivariate functions of Delta-Sleep-Inducing Peptide' (1984). Guido Schoenenberger is referenced como o(a) co-discoverer and synthesizer of DSIP. De forma alguma este(a) médico(a)/cientista endossa ou defende a compra, venda ou uso deste produto por qualquer motivo. Não existe afiliação ou relação, implícita ou de outra forma, entre a Pure US Peptide e este(a) médico(a).
Ver Perfil Completo do Pesquisador →Guido A. Schoenenberger, M.D. is being referenced as one of the leading scientists involved in the research and development of DSIP. In no way is this doctor/scientist endorsing or advocating the purchase, sale, or use of this product for any reason. There is no affiliation or relationship, implied or otherwise, between Pure US Peptide and this doctor. The purpose of citing the doctor is to acknowledge, recognize, and credit the exhaustive research and development efforts conducted by the scientists studying this peptide.
🔬 Pesquisador Colaborador
Abba J. Kastin, M.D.
Abba J. Kastin was a physician no(a) Veterans Administration Medical Center and Tulane University School of Medicine (New Orleans, USA). Kastin authored principal reviews on DSIP and investigated its physiological distribuicao, metabolismo, and ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. His work expanded understanding of DSIP's extra-sleep effects — circadian rhythms, locomotor activity, and hormone modulacao. Key publications include 'Delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP): a review' (Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 1984) and 'Differential penetration of DSIP peptides into rat brain' (1982). Abba Kastin is referenced como um(a) leading researcher in DSIP pharmacology. De forma alguma este(a) médico(a)/cientista endossa ou defende a compra, venda ou uso deste produto por qualquer motivo. Não existe afiliação ou relação, implícita ou de outra forma, entre a Pure US Peptide e este(a) médico(a).
Ver Perfil Completo do Pesquisador →Abba J. Kastin, M.D. is being referenced as one of the leading scientists involved in the research and development of DSIP. In no way is this doctor/scientist endorsing or advocating the purchase, sale, or use of this product for any reason. There is no affiliation or relationship, implied or otherwise, between Pure US Peptide and this doctor. The purpose of citing the doctor is to acknowledge, recognize, and credit the exhaustive research and development efforts conducted by the scientists studying this peptide.
Aviso de Uso em Pesquisa
Apenas para Uso em Pesquisa (RUO). Nao destinado ao consumo humano, uso clinico, ou como medicamento, alimento, cosmetico ou dispositivo medico. Este produto nao foi avaliado pelo FDA e e fornecido exclusivamente para pesquisa laboratorial in vitro por profissionais qualificados.
Certificado de Analise
Each lot is independently tested by accredited third-party laboratories (ISO 17025) at 99%+ purity.
Ultimo Relatorio de Laboratorio
Armazenamento e Manuseio
Resumo
Armazene liofilizado a -20°C (~1 ano) ou -80°C (~2 anos). Higroscópico — proteja da umidade. Reconstituído: -20°C até 1 mês. DSIP é altamente sensível à degradação por aminopeptidase.
⚠️ Important: DSIP is highly labile. Special handling is required para prevenir rapido(a) in vitro degradacao by aminopeptidases.
❄️ Liofilizado Powder Storage
Store DSIP (Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide) liofilizado powder at -20°C por até aproximadamente 1 year, or at -80°C por até 2 years. Keep tightly sealed and protegeu from moisture — DSIP is hygroscopic and will absorb atmospheric water if exposed. Store under desiccation conditions, preferably with a molecular sieve or desiccant pack no(a) storage container.
🧪 Reconstituted Solution Storage
Após reconstituição, store at -20°C por até 1 month or at -80°C por até 6 months. Do not store reconstituted DSIP at 4°C por períodos prolongados due to susceptibility to proteolytic degradacao. Prepare pequeno(a) aliquots immediately after reconstitution to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, cada of que acelera peptide degradacao.
⚗️ Reconstitution Protocol
Reconstitute DSIP in agua bacteriostatica or sterile physiological saline (0.9% NaCl). Typical working concentrations in research protocols range from 0.1–1 mg/mL. DSIP is soluble in aqueous buffers. For stock solutions, prepare in smaller volumes (50–100 µL aliquots) and store at -80°C. Avoid glass containers if possible, as DSIP may adsorb to glass surfaces at baixo(a) concentrations.
⚠️ Degradation Sensitivity
DSIP (Trp-Ala-Gly-Gly-Asp-Ala-Ser-Gly-Glu) has an extremely short in vitro meia-vida of aproximadamente 15 minutes due to rapido(a) N-terminal tryptophan cleavage by aminopeptidases. This fragility is um(a) principal pharmacological characteristic que has complicated its study and contributed to variable research results. Plasma stability studies demonstrate rapido(a) degradacao into smaller fragments (Ala-Gly-Gly-Asp-Ala-Ser-Gly-Glu and further). Handling on ice and minimal exposure to protease-containing environments is critical.
🧬 Physical Characteristics
DSIP is typically supplied como um(a) white liofilizado powder. Molecular weight: 848.83 Da. Standard purity: ≥95–98% by HPLC. Identity confirmou by mass spectrometry. May be supplied como o(a) free acid, acetate salt, or TFA salt — salt form affects net peptide content per stated weight.
For Research Use Only. This product is furnished for in-vitro laboratory studies only. Not aprovado(a) por the FDA for qualquer medical indication.
“Resumo da Pesquisa Pre-clinica Key Preclinical Studies Estudo Modelo Principais Achados Ref Mu et al.”
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