What Is Oxytocin?
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Visao Geral Oxytocin (OXT) is a cyclic nonapeptide hormone and neuropeptide with a sequencia Cys-Tyr-Ile-Gln-Asn-Cys-Pro-Leu-Gly-NH₂, featuring a ponte dissulfeto between Cys¹ and Cys⁶ e um(a) C-terminal amide (MW 1007.19 Da).[1] Historical significance: The uterine-contracting properties of pituita...
Oxytocin — Quick Facts
| Molecular formula | C43H66N12O12S2 |
|---|---|
| Molecular weight | 1007.2 g/mol |
| InChI key | XNOPRXBHLZRZKH-DSZYJQQASA-N |
| PubChem CID | 439302 |
| Storage | Refrigere 2–8°C. Significativa perda de atividade após 24h à temperatura corporal. NIOSH Group 3 fármaco perigoso — EPI necessário. |
| Cited references | 24 |
Chemical identity from PubChem CID 439302. For research use only.
Visao Geral
Oxytocin (OXT) is a cyclic nonapeptide hormone and neuropeptide with a sequencia Cys-Tyr-Ile-Gln-Asn-Cys-Pro-Leu-Gly-NH₂, featuring a ponte dissulfeto between Cys¹ and Cys⁶ e um(a) C-terminal amide (MW 1007.19 Da).[1]
Historical significance: The uterine-contracting properties of pituitary extracts were descoberto(a) por Sir Henry Dale in 1906. In 1953, Vincent du Vigneaud sequenced and synthesized oxytocin — the first polypeptide hormone ever synthesized — earning the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1955).[2]
Oxytocin is sintetizado(a) em magnocellular and parvocellular neurons do(a) paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (SON) nuclei do(a) hypothalamus, derivado(a) de the OXT gene (chromosome 20) como um(a) inactive prepro-oxytocin incluindo carrier protein neurophysin I, and stored no(a) posterior pituitary.[3]
Structurally, oxytocin differs from arginine vasopressin (AVP) by apenas 2 aminoacidos (Ile³/Leu⁸ in OXT vs Phe³/Arg⁸ in AVP), driving significant cross-reactivity at vasopressin receptors.[3]
“Resumo da Pesquisa Pre-clinica Key Preclinical Studies EstudoModeloPrincipais AchadosRef Shin et al.”
Referencias
- du Vigneaud V, Ressler C, Trippett S. The sequence of aminoacidos in oxytocin, with a proposal for a estrutura of oxytocin. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1953;205(2):949-957.
- du Vigneaud V, Ressler C, Swan JM, Roberts CW, Katsoyannis PG, Gordon S. The synthesis of an octapeptide amide com o(a) hormonal activity of oxytocin. Journal do(a) American Chemical Society. 1953;75(19):4879-4880.
- Gimpl G, Fahrenholz F. The oxytocin receptor system: structure, function, and regulacao. Physiological Reviews. 2001;81(2):629-683.
- Salati JA, Leathersich SJ, Williams MJ, Cuthbert A, Tolosa JE. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2019;4(4):CD001808.
- Young LJ, Wang Z. The neurobiology of pair bonding. Nature Neuroscience. 2004;7(10):1048-1054.
- Gutkowska J, Jankowski M. Oxytocin revisited: its role in cardiovascular regulacao. Journal of Neuroendocrinology. 2012;24(4):599-608.
- Zhang Y, Zhang X, Huang L. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2025;15:1477076.
- Sikich L, Kolevzon A, King BH, et al. New England Journal of Medicine. 2021;385(16):1462-1473.
- Plessow F, Kerem L, Wronski ML, et al. NEJM Evidence. 2024;3:EVIDoa2300349.
- Espinoza SE, Lee JL, Wang CP, et al. Journal do(a) American Medical Directors Association. 2021;22(9):1877-1882.e2.
- Giannoulis E, Andreini E, Santambrogio J, et al. The interplay between borderline personality disorder and oxytocin. Brain Sciences. 2025.
- Petersson M, Alster P, Lundeberg T, Uvnäs-Moberg K. Oxytocin causes a longo prazo decrease of pressao arterial in female and male rats. Physiology & Behavior. 1996;60(5):1311-1315.
- Hollander E, Jacob S, Engel A, et al. Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2021;142:311-318.
- Elabd C, Cousin W, Upadhyayula P, et al. Oxytocin e um(a) age-specific circulating hormone que is necessario(a) para muscle maintenance and regeneration. Nature Communications. 2014;5:4082.
- Onuc ME, et al. Psychiatry International. 2025.
- Shin H, et al. Chronic periferico(a) oxytocin administration aprimora neurogenese and spatial memory in camundongos idosos. 2025.
- Chavez CM, et al. Early-life oxytocin restaura sinaptico(a) plasticity and memory in Fmr1-KO mice. 2024.
- Blevins JE, Graham JL, Morton GJ, et al. American Journal of Physiology. 2015;308(5):R431-R438.
- Marlin BJ, Mitre M, D'amour JA, Chao MV, Bhatt D, Bhatt R, Bhatt DL, Bhatt DL, Froemke RC. Oxytocin enables maternal behaviour by balancing cortical inibicao. Nature. 2015;520(7548):499-504.
- Szeto A, Nation DA, Mendez AJ, et al. Oxytocin atenua NADPH-dependent superoxide activity and IL-6 secretion in macrofagos and vascular cells. American Journal of Physiology. 2008;295(6):E1495-E1501.
- Rajamannar P, Blechman J, Raz O, Levkowitz G. Neuropeptide oxytocin facilita its own brain-to-periphery uptake. Cell Reports. 2025;44(4):115491.
- Lawson EA. Nature Reviews Endocrinology. 2017;13(12):700-709.
- Blevins JE, Baskin DG. Physiology & Behavior. 2015;152(Pt B):438-449.
- Insel TR. Is social attachment an addictive disorder? Physiology & Behavior. 2003;79(3):351-357.
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