Tirzepatide: Chemical Properties
40 PubMed CitationsExpert ReviewedGMP CertifiedLast Reviewed: February 2026
Chemical Properties
| Formula | C₂₂₅H₃₄₈N₄₈O₆₈ |
| Molecular Weight | 4813.53 Da |
| Synonyms | Tirzepatide, LY3298176, Mounjaro, Zepbound, GIP/GLP-1 RA, Twincretin |
| Cas Number | 2023788-19-2 |
| Sequence | Tyr-Aib-Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Ser-Ile-Aib-Leu-Asp-Lys(C20 fatty diacid)-Ile-Ala-Gln-Lys-Ala-Phe-Val-Gln-Trp-Leu-Ile-Ala-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser-Ser-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser-NH₂ |
| Pubchem Cid | 166567236 |
| Monoisotopic Mass | N/A |
| Polar Area | N/A |
| Complexity | N/A |
| X Log P | N/A |
| Heavy Atom Count | 341 |
| H Bond Donor Count | N/A |
| H Bond Acceptor Count | N/A |
| Rotatable Bond Count | N/A |
Identifiers
| Pubchem Cid | 166567236 |
| Inchi Key | AAPYRSPHYSKGIS-MCNPHUAVSA-N |
| Inchi | InChI=1S/C225H348N48O68/... (39-amino acid linear peptide — full InChI available via PubChem CID 166567236) |
| Smiles Isomeric | CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)...) — 39-AA peptide (full SMILES via PubChem CID 166567236) |
| Smiles Canonical | NCCCC[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H]...) — 39-AA peptide (full SMILES via PubChem CID 166567236) |
| Iupac Name | Tirzepatide — 39-amino acid acylated peptide dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist |
References
- Frías JP, Davies MJ, Rosenstock J, et al. Tirzepatide versus Semaglutide Once Weekly in study subjects with Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med, 385(6), 503–515, 2021.
- Min T, Bain SC. The Role of Tirzepatide, Dual GIP and GLP-1 Receptor Agonist, in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes: The SURPASS Clinical Trials. Diabetes Ther, 12(1), 143–157, 2021.
- Chavda VP, Ajabiya J, Teli D, et al. Tirzepatide, a New Era of Dual-Targeted research application for Diabetes and Obesity: A Mini-Review. Molecules, 27(13), 4315, 2022.
- U.S. FDA. MOUNJARO® (tirzepatide) Injection — Prescribing Information. FDA Access Data, 2022.
- U.S. FDA. ZEPBOUND® (tirzepatide) Injection — Prescribing Information. FDA Access Data, 2024.
- Liu QK. Mechanisms of action and experimental applications of GLP-1 and dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonists. Front Endocrinol, 15, 1431292, 2024.
- Frías JP, Davies MJ, Rosenstock J, et al. Tirzepatide versus Semaglutide Once Weekly in study subjects with Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med, 385(6), 503-515, 2021.
- Coskun T, Sloop KW, Loghin C, et al. LY3298176, a novel dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist for the investigation of type 2 diabetes mellitus: From discovery to clinical proof of concept. Mol Metab, 18, 3–14, 2018.
- Sun B, Willard FS, Bhavsar S, et al. Tirzepatide’s biased agonism at the GLP-1 receptor. Signal Transduction Res, 2022.
- Geisler CE, Antonellis MP, Trumbauer W, et al. Tirzepatide suppresses palatable food intake by selectively reducing preference for fat in rodents. Diabetes Obes Metab, 25(1), 56–67, 2022.
- Ghaleb J, Khouzami KK, Nassif N, et al. Unveiling Tirzepatide’s experimental Spectrum: A Dual GIP/GLP-1 Agonist Targeting Metabolic, Neurological, and Cardiovascular Health. Int J Endocrinol, 2025, 2876156, 2025.
- Liu C, et al. Tirzepatide attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced cardiomyopathy via inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway. 2023.
- Fontanella RA, Ghosh P, Pesapane A, et al. Tirzepatide prevents neurodegeneration through multiple molecular pathways. J Transl Med, 22, 114, 2024.
- Rosenstock J, Wysham C, Frías JP, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of tirzepatide in study subjects with type 2 diabetes (SURPASS-1). Lancet, 398(10295), 143–155, 2021.
- Del Prato S, Kahn SE, Pavo I, et al. Tirzepatide versus insulin glargine in type 2 diabetes and increased cardiovascular risk (SURPASS-4). Lancet, 398(10313), 1811–1824, 2021.
- Bossi AC, et al. Animal research reveals metabolic differences between tirzepatide and semaglutide. 2025.
- Loomba R, Hartman ML, Lawitz EJ, et al. Tirzepatide for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis with Liver Fibrosis. N Engl J Med, 391(4), 299–310, 2024.
- European research compound Agency. Mounjaro (tirzepatide) — Summary of Product Characteristics. EMA, 2023.
- Rosenstock J, Wysham C, Frías JP, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of tirzepatide in study subjects with type 2 diabetes (SURPASS-1): a double-blind, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet, 398(10295), 143–155, 2021.
- Nicholls SJ, Pavo I, Bhatt DL, et al. Cardiovascular outcomes with tirzepatide versus dulaglutide in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med, 393, 2409–2420, 2025.
- Jastreboff AM, Aronne LJ, Ahmad NN, et al. Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the investigation of Obesity. N Engl J Med, 387(3), 205–216, 2022.
- Jastreboff AM, le Roux CW, Stefanski A, et al. Tirzepatide for Obesity research application and Diabetes Prevention. N Engl J Med, 392(10), 958–971, 2025.
- Aronne LJ, Horn DB, le Roux CW, et al. Tirzepatide as Compared with Semaglutide for the investigation of Obesity. N Engl J Med, 393(1), 26–36, 2025.
- Packer M, Zile MR, Kramer CM, et al. Tirzepatide for Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and Obesity. N Engl J Med, 392(5), 427–437, 2025.
- Malhotra A, Grunstein RR, Fietze I, et al. Tirzepatide for the investigation of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Obesity. N Engl J Med, 391, 1193–1205, 2024.
- Yang Y, et al. Tirzepatide demonstrates neuroprotective effects in APP/PS1 Alzheimer’s disease model. 2024.
- Heerspink HJL, et al. Kidney outcomes with tirzepatide vs insulin glargine (SURPASS-4 exploratory analysis). Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 2022.
- Geisler CE, Antonellis MP, Trumbauer W, et al. Tirzepatide suppresses palatable food intake by selectively reducing preference for fat in rodents. Diabetes Obes Metab, 25(1), 56–67, 2022.
- U.S. FDA. MOUNJARO Prescribing Information — Carcinogenicity and Reproductive Toxicity Data. FDA, 2022.
- Garvey WT, Frías JP, Jastreboff AM, et al. Tirzepatide once weekly for the investigation of obesity in people with type 2 diabetes (SURMOUNT-2). Lancet, 402(10402), 613–626, 2023.
- Wadden TA, Chao AM, Machineni S, et al. Tirzepatide after intensive lifestyle intervention in adults with overweight or obesity (SURMOUNT-3). Nat Med, 29(11), 2909–2918, 2023.
- Aronne LJ, Sattar N, Horn DB, et al. Continued research application With Tirzepatide for Maintenance of Weight Reduction in Adults With Obesity (SURMOUNT-4). JAMA, 331(1), 38–48, 2024.
- Ludvik B, Giorgino F, Jódar E, et al. Once-weekly tirzepatide versus once-daily insulin degludec (SURPASS-3). Lancet, 398, 583–598, 2021.
- Dahl D, Onishi Y, Norwood P, et al. Effect of Subcutaneous Tirzepatide vs Placebo Added to Titrated Insulin Glargine (SURPASS-5). JAMA, 327(6), 534–545, 2022.
- Rosenstock J, Frías JP, Rodbard HW, et al. Tirzepatide vs Insulin Lispro Added to Basal Insulin (SURPASS-6). JAMA, 330(17), 1631–1640, 2023.
- Inagaki N, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of tirzepatide in Japanese study subjects with type 2 diabetes (SURPASS-J-mono). Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 2022.
- Gao L, Lee BW, Chawla M, et al. Tirzepatide versus insulin glargine in the Asia-Pacific region (SURPASS-AP-Combo). Nat Med, 29(6), 1500–1510, 2023.
- Frías JP, Nauck MA, Van J, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of LY3298176 (tirzepatide), a novel dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist: a randomised phase 2 trial. Lancet, 392(10160), 2180–2193, 2018.
- Angelopoulos N, et al. Short-term effects of low-dose tirzepatide on lipid profile, glucose homeostasis and hepatic steatosis index in adults with obesity. J Diabetes Complications, 39(12), 109181, 2025.
- Gandhi A, Parhizgar A. GLP-1 receptor agonists in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Front Endocrinol, 16, 1708565, 2025.
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